An Examination of Three Models of the Relationships between Parental Attachments and Adolescents’ Social Functioning and Depressive Symptoms

Three models of attachment relationships—the hierarchy model, the integrative model and the independent model—were compared in order to elucidate which best described the relationship between attachments to fathers versus mothers and its developmental consequences among 1,289 eighth grade students in Taiwan. These consequences included adolescents’ social support from family and friends, social expectations in peer interaction, self-worth, and depressive symptoms. The models can be summarized as follows: the hierarchy model assumes that paternal attachment is influenced by the level of maternal attachment; the integrative model assumes that the combined effects of secure attachments to mother and to father best predict the child’s development; and the independent model suggests that maternal and paternal attachments have differential influences on the child’s developmental outcomes. Our results indicate that the independent model best describes adolescents’ attachment relationships with parents and their subsequent developmental consequences. Moreover, gender differences were found in adolescent’s report of attachment to mother and father in relation with the outcome variables. Yih-Lan Liu is an associate professor at National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan, R.O.C. She received her Ph.D degree 1996 from University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A. Her major research interests include parent-child interaction, attachment relationships, ego development and adolescent development and psychosocial adjustment.     

产业集群与中小企业融资优势分析

产业集群对于中小企业的发展起着至关重要的作用,能够为中小企业营造一种融资优势环境,增强中小企业的信用能力,提高其技术创新能力.这种优势来源于集群所产生的外部经济,在产业集群所形成的网络系统中,中小企业的融资环境不断得以优化.     

关于制定《国有企业企业家奖罚条例》的构想

缺乏一支高素质的企业家队伍是当前我国国有企业中遇到的一个严重问题,制定《国有企业企业家奖罚条例》,建立奖罚机制是培育优秀企业家的有效途径之一。《条例》的有效实行还具有推动现代企业制度建设,促进国有资产保值增值和企业技术进步,防止社会不正之风等意义。初步构想的《条例》应该由两两部分内容组成,即确定考核企业家业绩的客观准确的经济指标和具体的奖罚条款。     

企业价值论初探

企业价值论是对企业经营管理活动的价值思考。它依据企业经营管理实践 ,从哲学价值论角度揭示企业在本质上是人们在其中从事创造价值活动的一种组织形态 ;企业目标所展现的是一个多方面的相互联系的价值目标系统 ;企业人是在创造财富的过程中实现着效用价值和人道价值统一的“价值人” ;企业制度体现着一种内含深刻价值意蕴的制度性价值 ;企业精神则是一种独特的价值意识 ;企业行为必须符合企业价值目标 ,体现企业精神。企业价值论的建立对于指导企业经营管理实践具有重要的意义 ,也将成为哲学价值论发展的新的生长点。     

自由意志与法律意志

针对沉默权立法论争中的“自由意志”问题,从实际出发来探讨自由意志与法律意志这对命题,有益于我国建设法治社会的立法实践。     

Epistemic Reasoning and Adolescent Egocentrism: Relations to Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Problem Youth

This investigation addressed the question of how two forms of social cognitive reasoning – epistemic reasoning and adolescent egocentrism – interface with externalizing and internalizing forms of psychopathology during adolescence. Adolescents’ epistemic reasoning (i.e., types of belief entitlement, or degree of doubt, held by an individual when confronted with contradictory sides of an issue), and imaginary audience and personal fable ideation, were assessed in a sample of 29 adolescent boys with behavioral problems and 30 of their peers without behavioral problems. To assess internalizing and externalizing symptomatology, teachers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL-TRF). Results revealed that, compared to those without behavior problems, boys with behavioral problems were lower in epistemic reasoning. Further analyses revealed consistent relations between dimensions of social cognitive reasoning to specific forms of psychopathology. These findings suggest that social cognitive reasoning, particularly epistemic doubt, is important in understanding problem behaviors among typical and atypical adolescents.

试述越南社会民俗的特点及其成因

本文认为越南社会民俗文化具有三个方面的特点:一是明显受到中国民俗的影响;二是浓厚的越南民族特色的特征;三是多元文化的民间习俗。越南本土文化的发展及其对外来文化的兼容、改造与异化是造成其民俗社会特点的主要原因。     

社会工作视阈下青少年情绪问题的归因及其处遇

社会工作作为一门助人自助的专业,发展出了专门的青少年社会工作领域。当前青少年情绪普遍存在精神疾患增多、自我概念低落、缺乏自我控制等问题,究其原因可归纳为个体发展障碍、家庭与社区变迁、朋辈亚文化与学校、大众传媒以及社会转型等多方面的影响。从社会工作的角度开展个案、团体、学校与社区以及社会政策的综合处遇,是解决青少年情绪问题的有效途径。     

政府创新：社会资本视角

社会资本理论是研究政府与公民、民主与信任等之间关系的一种新范式。布迪厄从微观层面上将社会资本概括为一种资源集合;科尔曼从中观层面上将社会资本概括为一种社会结构;帕特南从宏观层面上将社会资本概括为一种价值规范。从本质上讲,政府创新是一个政府与社会互动的过程,与社会资本之间存在内在的结构性关联。社会资本是政府创新的基本变量,其中的信任因素是政府创新合法性的重要来源,支持信念因素是政府创新的基本条件,参与网络因素是政府创新的重要基础。在社会资本视角下进行政府创新的途径在于加强社会制度建设,实现传统社会资本的现代转型;支持公民参与网络建设,培育公共精神和发展基层民主;培育第三部门力量,以转变政府职能和增强政府能力。     

三方互动：规范我国地方政府间竞争的思考

在我国当前的制度环境下,地方政府在竞争中可以采取4种策略:约束“掠夺之手”、减少公共品的供给、将危机转嫁给不具流动性的要素、树立壁垒干预市场。规范地方政府间竞争应当避免地方政府采用第3、4种策略。为限制地方政府树立壁垒干预市场,从中央层面来看,需要建立全国统一大市场,推行以公平为基础的政策、制度化中央与地方的权力分配;从地方层面来看,需要转变地方政府职能,加强地方公共财政建设,构建地方特色;从社会层面来看,为限制地方政府转嫁竞争危机,需要充分发挥居民在地方政府间竞争中的裁决作用,发挥民营经济的力量以及发挥第三部门的力量。