Legitimacy Crisis? Behavioral Approach and Inhibition When Power Differences are Left Unexplained

Possessing social power leads to approach-related affect and behavior, whereas lacking power leads to inhibition (Keltner, Gruenfeld, & Anderson, Psychol Rev 110:265–284, 2003). However, such effects should be moderated by whether an explanation is given for these power differences. Participants were assigned to a low-power or high-power role and then interacted with a confederate in the opposite role. Participants were told these role assignments were made for legitimate (expertise) or illegitimate (nepotism) reasons, or were given no explanation. High-power participants showed more approach-related affect and behavior and reported less dissonance than low-power participants, but many of these effects were moderated by the presence versus absence of an explanation. When no explanation for power differences was provided, high-power participants exhibited more approach-related behavior than low-power participants but also felt more guilt and unease. Implications for system justification theory and the literature on social power are discussed.     

从＂人民内部矛盾＂到＂公共供给不足＂——中国当代社会主要矛盾的转移

半个世纪之前,毛泽东提出正确处理"人民内部矛盾"的重大理论,半个世纪之后,胡锦涛提出民主法治、公平正义等构建和谐社会的重要原则,这说明当代中国社会的主要矛盾,已经从"人民内部矛盾"逐步转变为"公共供给不足"。这一转移,肯定了中国当代社会主体从"人民"到"公民"的转变,同时也进一步要求政府职能要按照社会公共利益的要求,保证社会各个阶层对于社会发展成果的共享。     

对精神文明建设的系统论思考——从根据到现实

精神文明建设是人为使自己向更高层次发展所必须进行的建设自身的行为,但却面对着社会不平衡发展悖论或两难困境.在这种困境下,要想使精神文明建设富有成效,必须从社会成员思想、道德、文化到社会政治文明、法律制度等进行综合构建.惟其如此,精神文明建设才能真正地、快速地取得显著成效.     

Perceived Support and Internalizing Symptoms in African American Adolescents: Self-Esteem and Ethnic Identity as Mediators

Existing research leaves a gap in explaining why African American adolescents do not exhibit more anxiety and depression than other youth, at the same time that they experience more contextual risk factors. The current study examined the roles of social support as well as possible mediators self-esteem and ethnic identity (sense of belonging to one’s ethnic group) in reducing internalizing symptoms in 227 African American adolescents (mean age = 12.55). Structural equation models indicated that self-esteem and ethnic identity partially mediated the relation between social support and depression. For depression, ethnic identity accounted for more of the social support effect for males, whereas self-esteem had more impact for females. The mediation model for anxiety was supported in females, with self-esteem more important than ethnic identity. The results suggest that ethnic identity and self-esteem function as important links in how social support reduces internalizing symptoms in African American youth. Assistant Professor, Clinical Psychology, Loyola University Chicago. Received Ph.D. in Psychology from The University of Memphis. Current interests include coping and resilience in African American youth and the role of family characteristics in children and adolescents’ stress and coping processes. Teaching Associate, School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University. Received Ph.D. in Psychology from University of Rhode Island. Research interests include ethnic identity in African American youth and the effects of exposure to violence on well-being. Assistant Professor, Human Development and Social Policy, Northwestern University. Received Ph.D. in Psychology from University of California, Riverside. Primary research examines the nature and effects of socialization, father’s involvement, and how they interact with gender, race, and SES to impact youths’ academic and social development. Professor, Clinical and Developmental Psychology, Loyola University Chicago. Received Ph.D. in Human Development from the University of Chicago. Current research interests include the developmental stage of adolescence with a focus on the daily experience of urban African American young adolescents and how this relates to their psycho- social well being. Dr. Richards served as a Predoctoral Adolescent Fellow (1979–1981) and Postdoctoral Adolescent Fellow (1984–1985) at the Clinical Research Training Program in Adolescence in Chicago, IL, which was co-directed by Dr. Daniel Offer., Loyola University Chicago, 6525 N. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL, 60626 USA Visiting Professor, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs; President, University of Minnesota and Global Philanthropy Alliance. Received Ph.D. in Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistical Analysis from the University of Chicago. Research interest is in adolescent development. Dr. Petersen served as Coordinator of the Clinical Research Training Program in Adolescence (1978–1982) and Associate Director (1976–80) and Director (1980–82) of the Laboratory for the Study of Adolescence at Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center (Chicago, IL) where Dr. Daniel Offer served as Director of the Department of Psychiatry. Dr. Petersen and Dr. Offer collaborated on numerous research papers while working together at Michael Reese Hospital., University of Minnesota and Global Philanthropy Alliance USA     

论公司的社会责任——以公司分立为视角

公司的社会责任是学术界和企业界历来争议较多的问题。即使新《公司法》进行了具体规定,人们对其在深层次上的讨论仍未减少。因此,有必要结合社会现状及相关理论作进一步的分析,来界定社会责任的倡导性规范,明确公司的根本利益所在,将公司的社会责任分为强制性与提倡性两个方面,进而归结为四个层次,从而在公司分立的情况下,更好地维护公司的利益和确保公司社会责任的承担。     

创新政府管理 构建和谐社会

新一届党中央和中央政府领导上任以后对政府管理方向的步步调整,预示着“中国新管理时代”的来临。当前社会不和谐因素需要进行全面梳理,至少有十五个问题应当引起充分注意。而“和谐六条”是各界有关“和谐社会”的观点中最具有针对性、完整性、逻辑性、实践性的归纳。构建和谐社会必须创新政府管理,应对之策包括:观念更新、政府再造、体制改革、职能转变、政策调整和行为规范等。     

论虚拟企业

虚拟企业是一种新型的企业管理模式,运作灵活,力量强劲,富有强大的生命力。它发挥自己的竞争优势,选择合适的合作伙伴,充分利用企业内外资源,实现合理有效的配置,最终实现企业间的共存共荣。     

关注弱势群体，构建和谐社会

构建和谐社会,弱势群体和社会公正问题成为热点和关键,保护社会弱势群体的利益是实现社会公正的重要途径,实现社会公正内在要求关注社会弱势群体,只有将两者结合起来,才能构建社会主义的和谐社会。     

社会变革与刑事诉讼转型——新《俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法典》评介

随着社会政治经济的变革 ,俄罗斯的法律制度完成了根本转型。在刑事诉讼领域 ,经过前后 1 5年的修改和补充 ,颁布了新的《俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法典》。转型后的新法典 ,在刑事诉讼目的、结构、价值等基本理念方面发生了重大变化 ,除了将某些重要的宪法原则刑事诉讼法典化以外 ,进一步确立并完善了诸如证据规则、平反程序、和解法官审理程序和刑事诉讼国际合作程序等能够适应变化了的国内和国际形势的刑事诉讼制度。     

Measuring community social organization: Sense of community as a mediator in social disorganization theory

The current study utilized an updated systemic model of social disorganization to investigate neighborhood effects on both positive and negative youth outcomes. Although empirical support for updated social disorganization models has increased in recent years, the field continues to rely too heavily on behavioral indicators of community social organization. Unfortunately, these measures do not assess the truly important social processes and dynamics that result in cohesive and supportive neighborhoods. It was proposed that sense of community (SOC) was a more valid, comprehensive, and applicable measure for the mediating variables in social disorganization theory. Results supported the hypothesis that SOC mediates the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on youth outcomes and implications for the field are discussed.