A Social Movement Theory Typology of Militant Organisations: Contextualising Terrorism

Typologies are ubiquitous in terrorism studies, illustrating their continued appeal as a tool to further our understanding of this form of political violence. Despite this, to date, the promise of an empirically derived typology has largely been neglected. In addressing this gap, this article sets out a typology developed from Social Movement Theory. Using a novel statistical technique to derive a three-dimensional framework for categorising militant groups, the typology incorporates both organisational characteristics and the wider political context. The result is a typology defined by three conceptual constructs: political capacity, war-making capacity, and network capacity. Alongside these organisational features, imposing measures of the wider political opportunity structure reveals eight types of militant organisation. To explore the utility of the framework, a preliminary analysis interprets the typology in light of the presence of wider conflict. That a robust relationship is found between the various types and whether groups were operating in peacetime, civil war, or low-intensity conflict, goes some way to demonstrating its utility as an analytical tool. Conclusions draw attention to the importance of contextualising militant groups in their socio-political setting, and the benefits of combining theory alongside empirical analysis to develop robust characterisations of violent organisations.     

以人为本在现代企业管理中的重要意义

以人为本的管理模式符合现代市场经济发展要求,是对传统企业管理模式和理念的变革及创新,反应了21世纪知识经济的本质和要求。它强调现代企业管理要以人为中心,尊重人的价值,重视人性的完整性和人的需要的多样性,辅之以思想引导和政治教育,从而凝聚人心,汇聚群智,更好地实现企业良性发展。     

经管类高职院校产学研结合的途径探析

产学研结合是高等职业教育发展的必然。进行产学研结合对培养应用型人才、提高教师素质和完善专业建设都有着重要意义。经管类高职院校可以从办学模式、教学活动、服务咨询、参与企业生产经营等方面开展产学研结合工作。     

重塑公安行政文化探析

公安行政文化是创建服务型公安行政的有力保证。受内、外部环境的制约,我国当前的公安行政文化还存在不少问题,需要进行重塑,以推动公安事业的发展,完成党和国家赋予公安机关的政治和社会责任。     

Types of organised crime in Italy. The multifaceted spectrum of Italian criminal associations and their different attitudes in the financial crisis and in the use of Internet technologies

This paper discusses the opportunity to differentiate four different criminological types of organised crime in Italy by drawing on a subset of case studies and interviews to law enforcement officers and experts collected for two on-going research projects. We hypothesise that, since these types exploit different social opportunity structures for their criminal activities, they have different capacities of adaptation and react differently when confronted with different kinds of innovations and changes. We test these four types against two significant phenomena that have been deeply impacting Italian society, among others, recently: the commercialization of the Internet and the economic and financial crisis that has hit Europe since late 2008. We conclude that these types offer a valid help to guide our understanding of what organised crime is today in Italy, as well as to assess the capacity of the existing legal framework to properly face all them. These criminological types could also serve as lenses to filter the different experiences of organised crime in other European countries, thus facilitating comparative research.     

试论思想政治工作在石油企业发展中的作用

石油企业思想政治工作在企业改革发展中是不可或缺的。石油企业只有加强思想政治工作,才能确保企业稳定和谐可持续发展。思想政治工作在石油企业发展中具有重要作用:一是确保我国石油战略安全,促进企业科学发展;二是促进企业文化形成,增强企业的凝聚力;三是帮助企业形成核心价值观,提升企业核心竞争力。     

浅谈如何做好企业职称评审工作——以胜利钻井工程技术公司为例

职称评聘作为人才工作的重要组成部分,在人才资源开发预测与规划、培养与使用、配置与管理等方面有着非常重要的作用。以胜利钻井工程技术公司为例,要形成科学、规范、有效的职称评定机制,就要树立职称服务理念、创新评审推荐工作的机制、发挥职称评审工作的激励导向。只有把职称工作放到企业发展和人才工作大局中去谋划,充分发挥职称吸引人才和凝聚人才的导向作用,才能不断提高职称评审工作质量和工作效率。     

冷漠:日常生活中情感虚无现象的反思

冷漠作为现代人的一种稳定的具有特质性的状态,虽然在现代社会之前就已经出现,但当下冷漠在广度和深度两个维度上的蔓延,却与现代社会的变迁密切相关。出现在日常生活中的冷漠现象,是一种深层情感消解的状态。社会分工的精细化以及市场机制的不断发展,为冷漠的蔓延提供了结构背景。社会变迁的加速化,而适应文化没有跟上物质社会变迁的步伐,进一步导致了现代人的价值失落和自我丧失,反映在对外部世界的态度上就是冷漠。现代性不但使人与周围世界的联系越来越远,也造成了人与自我的疏离。重拾自我,保持情感的本真性,也许能为化解冷漠的心态找到出路。     

国企为何需要行政化的治理——一种被忽略的效率性解释

在中国,国企的行政化治理是一种必然现实,是国家作为企业股东以及国企作为公共企业的本质使然。行政化治理虽然一直被视为有碍国企商业化,但亦有其"效率性"的一面,它有助于国企得到更多商业资源和商业利益。而且,国企的行政化治理是一种世界现象,差别只在于其目标以及内容、手段和方式的不同。由此,国企面对的关键问题,就不是如何脱离行政化治理的问题,而是如何改进行政化的治理、进行何种行政化治理的问题,即如何跳出原有产权调控模式,从利润导向走向公共导向,提升治理的透明度,让国企为国家发展、为一般社会公众谋取福利。中国一直追求将国企打造成独立的商事主体,追求国企营利目标的实现,这显然背离了作为公共企业的国企本质。应当撩开国企的商事面罩,重新回到公共企业以及公共企业法的改革道路上——以特别企业法而非商事公司法的方式调整国企的设立、运营和监管。