Engaging elite support for the poorest? BRAC's Targeted Ultra Poor programme for rural women in Bangladesh

This article draws preliminary lessons from the experience of engaging village elites in support of a BRAC programme for ultra-poor women in rural Bangladesh. It describes the origins, aims, and operation of this programme, which provides comprehensive livelihood support and productive assets to the extreme poor. Based on field research in the rural north-west, the article examines the conditions under which elites can support interventions for the ultra-poor, and the risks and benefits of such engagement. It describes the impact of committees mandated to support ultra-poor programme participants, and attempts to understand the somewhat paradoxical success of this intervention. Conclusions and lessons from the experience involve revisiting assumptions that dominate scholarship and programmes relating to the politics of poverty in rural Bangladesh.     

构建和谐社会与抽象行政行为的司法审查

依法行政与构建和谐社会是同一主题的不同层面。依法行政能否以公平正义为价值尺度,调整社会关系,平衡社会利益,整合社会资源,维护社会秩序,直接关系到构建和谐社会的成败[1]。抽象行政行为作为政府进行行政管理的一项最重要手段,是依法行政的起点和基础,但在依法行政实践中,抽象行政行为与宪法和法律相抵触,规章之间、规范性文件之间相互矛盾,政出多门,各自为政,甚至出现了超越自己立法权限进行立法的现象。抽象行政行为的不规范及监督机制的不完善是直接影响社会和谐的体制性因素之一。本文在分析我国抽象行政行为现有监督机制局限性的基础上,论述了将其纳入司法审查的必要性和可行性,以保障抽象行政行为的合法与规范,为依法行政奠定良好的法律基础,为构建和谐社会创造良好的行政法制环境。     

高校哲学社会科学研究咨政服务能力提升研究

咨政服务是哲学社会科学研究价值的重要体现,也是高等学校哲学社会科学健康发展的重要途径。咨政服务既要为经济和社会发展提供理论引导和理论创新,通过思想库的建设为部门决策提供专业技术支持,还要国计民生的政策制定提供咨询服务。目前需要建立起专业的咨政服务平台,加强决策咨询专业智库的建设,建立面向现实问题的快速决策咨询反应机制,还要完善现有评价体系等途径提高咨政服务能力。     

社会政策对志愿服务的支持作用分析——以广州市为例

广州市社会政策对志愿服务的支持作用集中体现在公共服务、公民参与、社会福利、社区发展、环保低碳、国际合作六个方面。公共服务政策为志愿服务的发展让渡了空间,公民参与政策激活了民间活力,社会福利政策丰富了志愿服务形式,社区发展政策提供了社区服务平台,环保低碳政策推动了环保志愿者的兴起,国际合作政策拓宽了志愿交流机制。从政府重视志愿服务事业发展的背景出发,加强社会政策对志愿服务的引导和支持尤为重要。     

Populisms old and new: the Peruvian case⋆

President Fujimori is often seen as exemplary of the Latin American “neopopulist”. Having inherited a country in crisis, he managed to engineer profound changes in the economic sphere, legitimising his government through a direct rapport with the mass of the population that marginalised representative institutions. This article seeks to place this “neopopulism” in an historical context by focusing on the socio‐economic and political characteristics that have sustained a tradition of populism in Peru. It argues that “top‐down” styles of political mobilisation have long had a debilitating effect on the development of a representative party system, and that populist traits can be traced through regimes of widely differing ideological orientations.     

非政府组织在创新社会管理体制中的作用研究

在市场经济条件下,社会利益分化、价值多元、矛盾复杂、风险加大,社会管理的任务非常繁重,传统的以政府为主体的社会管理体制出现了许多问题。因此,改革计划经济体制下形成的社会管理体制,构建适应社会主义和谐社会需要的新的管理体制,已经十分迫切。非政府组织是我国社会组织的重要构成部分,是连结政府和人民的重要桥梁和纽带,他在推动社会管理体制创新中发挥着极其重要的作用。     

Social Disadvantage and Family Violence: Neighborhood Effects on Attitudes about Intimate Partner Violence and Corporal Punishment

Social disorganization theory asserts that neighborhood composition affects levels of violence within the community. The purpose of this article is to analyze the bivariate effects of social disorganization, crime, and collective efficacy, in addition to the individual factors of gender, race, and a history of child maltreatment, on the acceptance of using violence within the family. Data from the Norfolk Police Department (2000–2004), 2000 Census, and 2006 Norfolk Residents’ Attitudes about Crime Survey were used to determine differences in approval of family violence. Results indicated that approval for family violence is an individual-level phenomenon as well as a community-level occurrence. Various aspects of family violence elicit different levels of tolerance by both micro- and macro-level characteristics. Implications are discussed.     

社会管理创新与行政法形态之变革

我国的"社会管理"是以矛盾化解与风险防控为中心、以基层公共服务、工业安全和精神文明建设为外围支持的任务体系。社会管理创新,意味着社会管理需要突破传统依靠科学管理进路的方式,前移监测重心,柔化防控手段,加强社会服务,配合民生工程的经济保障和公共安全客观风险的控制,消除冲突的根源。相应地,我国的行政法律制度需要保持同样的积极性和敏锐度,这就要求开放评价机制、强调及时的反思和改进。