私自开拆、隐匿、毁弃邮件、电报罪探疑

私自开拆、隐匿、毁弃邮件、电报罪的主体包括国家工作人员和非国家工作人员。“利用职务上的便利”不是本罪必要的构成要件要素。《刑法》第二百五十三条第二款的规定包括牵连犯和包容犯两种不同情形。     

职工集体福利的理论分析与制度建构

构建全体成员各尽其能、各得其所而又和谐相处的社会已经成为未来的奋斗目标,而衡量标准之一就是社会总体福利和成员个体福利的同步增长。历史经验和理论研究已经证明,增进福利的重要使命不能由国家独自承担,多元化的福利供给是构建和谐社会的重要内容。企业是社会主义市场经济的活动主体,也应当和能够参与福利供给,内容之一就是职工集体福利。我国旧的职工福利制度是计划经济和国家福利的产物,必须在理论反思基础上,就职工集体福利的资金筹集、管理机构和供给方式等方面予以制度重构。     

国际民事诉讼中的国家行为原则——以美国法为例

国家行为原则在国际民事诉讼中越来越多的被引用,对其展开研究对我国立法和司法实践有重要意义。文章以美国法为例,从该原则的概念、特点、历史等基本点入手,分析了国家行为原则产生的法理基础;从该原则适用例外的角度分析了其适用范围;依据不同案件类型,初步总结了国家行为原则的适用方法。     

当代反战和平运动浅析

反战和平运动是一种以反对战争、实现和平作为其价值诉求的社会运动形态 ,其思想与历史源远流长。第二次世界大战以后反战和平运动进入了成熟期和高涨期 ,经历了三次高潮。冷战后的反战和平运动表现出高度的跨国性、对科学研究的劝说性权力的倚重进一步增强、各种新闻媒体的加入并扮演着一种无可替代的信息传播者和信息扩散者的角色等新特征 ,这使其行动能力和议题影响力大大增强。由于国际无政府状态的刚性特征以及民主政治过程的内生属性 ,其实际效用也不可避免地受到了极大的限制。这就决定了这场以反战和平运动为斗争主体的和平的革命仅仅是一场作用有限的革命 ,它难以将永久实现世界和平的终极目标推向深入     

改革开放以来国务院机构历次重大改革比较研究

改革开放以来国务院机构共进行了五次大的改革。除1982年机构改革外，1988年、1993年、1998年机构改革有四个方面的特点：改革的长远目标是明确一致的，即政企分开，转变政府职能，建立有中国特色的行政管理体系；改革重点集中在经济管理部门和专业管理部门；人员分流的趋向、安排思路基本一致；每次改革的具体目标和措施各有所侧重，但改革在逐步深化和完善。受历史条件的制约，这三次机构改革都具有过渡性质，并存在一定的误区。2003年国务院机构改革表现出新的趋向，即加强政府监管力度，凸现政府管理专业化特色；最大限度地完善市场经济体制；努力和国际经济接轨。但此次机构改革的盲点仍然存在。     

Citizenship status and social exclusion in Estonia and Latvia

Abstract

Findings from the Norbalt living conditions surveys in Estonia and Latvia are used to examine whether persons without Estonian and Latvian citizenship are at greater risk of social exclusion than citizens in these two countries. the level of integration into the labor market, participation in civil society and political life, degree of social isolation, and the level of economic resources among the two groups are analyzed. In Estonia non-citizens are more at risk of social exclusion compared to Estonian citizens, while in Latvia one finds no statistically significant difference between the groups. In both countries educational level is much more important than citizenship status in explaining social exclusion.     

工人职业健康的理论模式及其重构

工人职业健康问题非常重要,但缺乏系统性和理论性的论著。研究旨在通过梳理国内外已有研究,归纳工人职业健康的理论模式,并提炼出理解工人职业健康问题的内核,进而搭建分析工人职业健康问题的系统框架,以期推动工人职业健康研究的系统化与理论化。研究认为,工人职业健康状况实际上是劳动关系三方主体之间博弈的结果,工人职业健康问题的内核在于对劳动关系三角结构的把握。基于保障工人基本劳动权益的理想,劳动关系形态应是工人、资本与国家三者两两之间均能达成制约与反制约的均衡状态。因此,均衡劳动关系可以成为判断工人职业健康状况的重要指标。     

Classical Marxism and Maoism: A comparative study

The issue of the Marxist character of “Mao Zedong Thought” has never really been resolved. The present work is a comparative analysis of the classical Marxism of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and the ideology of Mao Zedong. The argument is made that whatever Marxism there was in Maoism was the “creatively developed Marxism” of V. I. Lenin—which allowed for socialist revolution in retrograde economic circumstances—something that had been specifically rejected by Marx and Engels. That led to the theoretical idiosyncrasies that characterized Maoism throughout its history, and ultimately resulted in the form rejected by Deng Xiaoping and post-Maoist China.     

The changing relationship between the state and the voluntary philanthropic sector: special reference to Singapore

There has been a significant proliferation of voluntary philanthropic organizations to deliver basic services in the current context of anti-welfare neoliberal policies pursued by the state. While there are numerous studies and publications on these voluntary organizations, the nature of their relationship with the state remains relatively under-researched. This article attempts to explore this issue in the case Singapore where, in the absence of an active welfare state, the voluntary philanthropic organizations—especially the Voluntary Welfare Organizations (VWOs)—have played a crucial role in serving citizens’ welfare needs. In evaluating the nature and determinants of this state-VWO relationship, the article examines some relevant theoretical models and applies them to the Singapore case.     

Climate Change and Marx in the Twenty-First Century,Part II

This paper comes in two parts. Part I, published in the June 2018 issue of this journal, opened with an examination of the relationship between Marx’s characterization of the centrality of commodity production to capitalism as a system, its destructive results on Nature and the global scale of the climate crisis confronting the 21st century. Following a discussion of these issues, Part I moved on to critically examine three models of political economy: Hayekism, Keynesianism and State Socialism. Part II takes the argument further by critically examining a fourth model, Green Keynesianism, currently being manufactured in response to the crisis of climate change, in order to show the inability of all four models to resolve the existential threat posed to humanity in the 21st century and beyond. I then proceed to posit, as a thought experiment, a now-necessary fifth model of political economy, Green Socialism, along with the building blocks important to its evolution as a coherent system. The paper concludes with a brief mention of both the ends and means that demand serious consideration if Green Socialism is to be realized.