Links,Mitte, Rechts: Worauf grã¼ndet die ideologische Selbstidentifikation der Schweizer und Schweizerinnen?

Die Links‐Rechts‐Selbsteinschã¤tzung wird in Stimmverhaltensstudien hã¤ufig als ein äusserst zuverlã¤ssiger Prã¤diktor des individuellen Entscheids ausgewiesen. Dabei ist jedoch keineswegs klar, wie sie auf den Urnenentscheid Einfluss nimmt. Ã?ber ihre Verhaltensrelevanz besitzen wir deshalb nur wenig gesichertes Wissen, da nach wie vor umstritten ist, worauf die ideologische Selbsteinstufung fusst. Ist sie ein Surrogat der Parteisympathie, wird sie aus grundlegenden gesellschaftspolitischen Ã?berzeugungen hergeleitet oder ist sie â‐“ zumindest teilweise â‐“ ein Datenartefakt? Die empirische Analyse zeigt, dass eine Unterscheidung zwischen Parteigebundenen und ‐ungebundenen sowie der Einbezug der intervenierenden Variablen der politischen Informiertheit nã¶tig ist, um den Determinanten der ideologischen Selbstidentifikation auf die Spur zu kommen. Dies ermã¶glicht die Differenzierung von vier Analysegruppen, fã¼r die unterschiedliche Aussagen Geltung haben.     

基本权利第三人效力的范畴与本质

基本权利第三人效力,也被称为水平效力、私人效力、基本权利在私法或私人法律关系中的效力等。第三人效力是指,基本权利能否以及在何种程度上可以对诉讼当事人之间的民事实体法律关系产生影响。实践中,公私二元划分是第三人效力探讨的基础;基本权利客观法属性是第三人效力的规范范畴;基本权利人类图像与自由权的多重面向是第三人效力的价值范畴;基本权利保护义务是第三人效力的义务范畴;基本权利取向解释是第三人效力的方法范畴。第三人效力具有体系正义、规范正义和个案正义的诉求,本质上是涵盖不同范畴的结构性效力。提出第三人效力的目的在于国家通过干预社会和消解社会不公正,为私人主体创造秩序和自由。     

公司法结构性改革总体思路

在资源配置由市场起决定性作用的经济体制下,公司这种无论何种经济成分出资设立、最契合市场经济运行机制的商事主体必然会在国民经济中占据更加重要的地位.为此,有必要重新考虑公司法结构性改革的总体思路.在科斯法律经济学的视野下,改革方案的顶层设计应当立足于公司法在我国当前整个商事主体立法中的实际地位,认清商事主体经济分类和法律分类双轨制所带来的种种矛盾和弊病,围绕对各种经济成分实行同等待遇,促进国内统一市场形成,提高国际竞争能力的制度设计目标,尽可能吸收消化世界各国晚近公司法修改乃至整个商事主体立法全面整合的新经验新成果,形成和国际趋同的现代公司法和内外资统一、以法律分类中的责任形式及主体资格标准为依据的、以公司为主导的商事主体体系和商事主体法体系.     

知母须根化学成分研究

目的 对知母（Anemarrhena asphodeloide Bunge.）的干燥须根进行化学成分研究。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及重结晶等手段进行分离纯化,运用波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从知母须根中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为胡萝卜苷(1)、菝葜皂苷元(2)、芒果苷(3)、7-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-chroman(4)、3′-hydroxy-4′-methoxy-4-dehydroxynyasol(5)、5, 7-dihydroxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one(6)、2,4′-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone(7)、1,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-4-en-1-one(8)、(+)-syringaresinol(9)、ent-16, 17-dihydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid (10)、(+)-pinoresinol (11)、对羟基苯甲酸(12)、新芒果苷(13)、丁香酸 (14)、4′,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy- benzophenone-2-O-(2″), 3-C-(1″)-1-desoxy-α-L-fructofuranoside (15)。结论 化合物5～11、14、15为首次从知母须根中分离得到。     

On structural injustice,reconciliation and alienation

ABSTRACT

In Justice and Reconciliation in World Politics, Lu argues that justice and reconciliation are analytically distinct but both needed after political catastrophes like colonialism. I argue that Lu’s compelling reconceptualization of reconciliation precisely shows the contrary by making the project of reconciliation indistinguishable from the task of realising structural justice and that we should reject the language of reconciliation in some contexts. Moreover, I contend that, in an important sense, alienation (i.e., the wrong that, according to Lu, reconciliation aims to tackle) must be generated to move towards a structurally just world. Indeed, the project of creating a structurally unjust order does require the alienation of agents from the existing background conditions of their actions.     

Give Me Shelter: Reexamining Military Intervention and the Monadic Democratic Peace

Increasing empirical evidence points to the existence of a monadic democratic peace. However, the quantitative literature on international conflict has yet to produce any compelling evidence that such a peace holds for one of the most prominent types of interstate force in use today, foreign military intervention. This study tests the hypotheses that democracies are less prone to intervene militarily and less likely to be the targets of such incursions. In doing so, it compares six overlapping theoretical perspectives on the monadic democratic peace. No empirical support is lent to the hypothesis that democracies intervene less often than nondemocracies, but considerable evidence indicates that democracies are rarely the targets of foreign military intervention. The latter result remains consistent across six different intervention populations from 1975 to 1996. Of the six theoretical perspectives analyzed, the institutional approach recently advanced by Bueno de Mesquita and his associates fares best. Its predictions match the empirical outcomes exactly. None of the other theoretical frameworks is even half right. In sum, it seems that democratic governance provides a barrier against foreign military intervention, but it does not limit intervention abroad.     

Modeling the international technology transfer process in construction projects: evidence from Thailand

Many developing and newly industrialized countries lack the technical and management capabilities to undertake large and/or complex infrastructure projects. In an effort to more rapidly develop their infrastructure, economies and living standards, many have embarked on a series of international Technology Transfer (TT) initiatives within the construction and other industries. However, these initiatives have not immediately translated into enhanced capabilities and competitiveness within host country firms, resulting in a sustained reliance on foreign firms. In an attempt to improve rates of TT in developing countries, this article proposes a conceptual model for international TT that accommodates the numerous factors believed to impact on the processes effectiveness and derived outcomes. Utilizing the results from a questionnaire survey of 162 industry professionals from Thailand, an international TT model including the significant factors which impact on the TT process and the degree of value added from it, was formulated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, the significance of direct and indirect interrelationships between model factors was determined through structural equation modeling. This model included four process enablers, namely, government influence, transferee characteristics, transferor characteristics and relationship building, and one outcome factor named TT value added. Building relationships (i.e. trust, understanding and communication) between the transferor and transferee was determined to be the key predictor of TT-induced value creation for the host construction sector.      

Cost-benefit Analysis of Infrastructure Projects in an Enlarged European Union: Returns and Incentives

We consider results of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in a large sample of ISPA (Structural Instrument for Pre-Accession countries) projects co-financed by the European Union to support investment in transport and environment. The research focus is on the empirical analysis of the variability of financial and economic rates of return and how to integrate this information in the EU co-financing mechanism. We investigate to what extent the variability of expected returns and of EU co-financing rates is due to structural project characteristics (sectors, countries) or to other unexplained factors, including errors in the appraisal. We find that while the absolute level of grants is related to sectors, the EU co-financing rate depends on countries. There is no justification in economic analysis of such a country bias, because the variability of economic rate of returns is unrelated either to sector or country factors. These findings points to the need of a more consistent approach to evaluation and EU co-financing of infrastructure supported by the EU funds. We suggest possible improvements, based on the idea to offer an incentive to projects with high-expected economic␣rates of return relative to a benchmark and showing ex-post the realism of the initial analysis.      

日美贸易摩擦中三大谈判机制的对比研究

"市场导向的个别领域谈判"、"日美结构性障碍协议"、"日美经济框架对话"是战后日美双方缓解贸易摩擦的三大谈判机制。对三大谈判机制及其各自内部子议题的对比研究发现,贸易谈判中外压强度和谈判有效性之间并不存在对称关系。在这些谈判机制中,美国对日外压与日本国内的内压之间形成了动态的双层博弈。内压的结构与价值诉求、利益指向是分析贸易谈判的重要变量。