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211.
Glenn Banks Regina Scheyvens Sharon McLennan Anthony Bebbington 《Third world quarterly》2016,37(2):245-263
Globally there is an increasing focus on the private sector as a significant development actor. One element of the private sector’s role emphasised within this new focus has been corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, whereby the private sector claims to contribute directly to local development. There is now a substantial body of work on CSR but it is a literature that is mostly polarised, dominated by concerns from the corporate perspective, and not adequately theorised. Corporations typically do development differently from NGOs and donors, yet the nature and effects of these initiatives are both under-researched and under-conceptualised. In this paper we argue that viewing CSR initiatives through a community development lens provides new insights into their rationale and effects. Specifically we develop a conceptual framework that draws together agency and practice-centred approaches in order to illuminate the processes and relationships that underpin corporate community development initiatives. 相似文献
212.
Indigenous peoples’ right to prior consultation and to informed consent represents the basis of the new global model shaping state–indigenous relations. Consultation processes promise to enable indigenous people to determine their own development and are especially promoted when extraction projects with significant socio-environmental impacts are planned on indigenous lands. In this article we draw on debates on participatory development in order to analyse the first state-led consultations in Bolivia’s and Peru’s hydrocarbon sectors (2007–14). The analysis shows that effective participation has been limited by (1) an absence of indigenous ownership of the processes; (2) indigenous groups’ difficulties defending or even articulating their own visions and demands; and (3) limited or very general outcomes. The study identifies real-life challenges, such as power asymmetries, a ‘communication hurdle’ and appropriate timing – as well as simplistic assumptions underlying the consultation approach – that account for the unfulfilled promises of this new model. 相似文献
213.
This study seeks to explain why U.S. local governments utilize environmental sustainability to promote economic development. Economic development and environmental protection need not be competing objectives, but rather, environmental protection can enhance local economic competitiveness. Using data from the ICMA Economic Development Survey, this study tests an empirical model that includes state sustainability initiatives, participation in climate protection networks, and political attitudes toward economic development as predictors of local policy decisions. The findings reinforce a multi-level governance perspective on explaining the balance cities seek to achieve between environmental protection and economic growth. 相似文献
214.
Abubakari Ahmed Abdul-Rahim Abdulai Issaka Kanton Osumanu Raqib Abu Salia 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2016,39(11):821-832
Donor aid has over the years turned out to be a very decisive development component for most developing nations, but aid is often criticized for ineffectiveness. This article seeks to share perspectives on the relevance of direct project or program support and the need to refrain from homogeneity in aid research by assessing the contribution of the Government of Ghana/European Union (GoG/EU) Micro-Projects Programme in the Nadowli District of Ghana from 1997–2009. The findings acknowledge positive impacts of the program in the district. There are sector consistencies between the donor interest and local development priorities in health, education and the water and sanitation sectors. However, selectivity of project within and among sectors brings potential conflicts of interest and tradeoffs between the program and local community needs. The results imply a reexamination of decentralized development through a lens of new partnership between donors’ interest and local needs. Stepping up community awareness to ensure full participation in project design, execution, operation, and maintenance could serve as a start-up platform for new partnerships. It is imperative to align donor interest with local realities, which prompts a rethinking of adoption of new project approaches such as co-development, design, and implementation. 相似文献
215.
María Ángeles Huete Garcia Rafael Merinero Rodríguez Rocío Muñoz Moreno 《Local Government Studies》2016,42(2):267-286
For several years, local governments have been tackling new challenges related to the regeneration of their cities within the physical sphere, as well as in their economic and social aspects. This task is developed in accordance with what has been called the Integrated Urban Development Model, understanding the integrated nature of this approach not only in terms of the spheres of public policy involved, but also in relation to their management. In this paper, this management is analysed in terms of the development of mechanisms for New Local Governance and New Public Management (NPM). Using Spanish municipalities as a case study, this paper develops an analytical tool for the analysis of this model of urban intervention within the European context, paying close attention to the development of mechanisms for New Local Governance from a multilevel perspective, as well as the development of mechanisms for NPM. 相似文献
216.
Sailen Routray 《Third world quarterly》2015,36(10):1906-1921
After discussing the various points of departure suggested by scholars of development, this paper argues that, in the context of India, one way out of the post-development impasse lies in shifting the focus from development politics to the workings of the developmental state on the ground, and to change the methodological vantage point to ethnography. It is suggested that this change in approach would provide fresh insights into the workings of the developmental state and into the process of development in India. 相似文献
217.
Karl Adalbert Hampel 《Third world quarterly》2015,36(9):1629-1648
Scholars concerned with the formation of states, specifically the relationship between state formation and war, hold one of two positions. Some agree with Charles Tilly’s historiological conclusion that war is decisive for the establishment of stateness and specify key concepts, in order to explain presumed discrepancies between past and present. Others point towards the international sphere in its current form and advocate a ‘war breaks states’ perspective. This paper argues that both standpoints neglect the ‘sub-national’ level. While proponents of the ‘war breaks states’ thesis are missing para-sovereign zones of rule, supporters of the ‘war makes states’ approach take a juridical view of statehood and focus on ‘state strength’. The failed states paradigm guiding contemporary security and development policy hinders an adequate analysis of the actual situation on the ground. Discussing the shortcomings of failed states approaches and state formation theorising, the paper proposes a conceptualisation in terms of socio-political variation instead of a mere dichotomisation of order. Some conclusive questions are raised, indicating future research directions linked to the historical sociology of state formation. 相似文献
218.
少数民族地区经济开发应走循环经济之路 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
我国少数民族地区的生态环境非常脆弱,且已遭到严重破坏,尽管少数民族地区走循环经济之路存在着许多困难,但是国内外的压力、少数民族地区的现实状况和缩小地区差距等要求,使得少数民族地区开发只有走循环经济之路,才能实现少数民族地区的可持续发展。 相似文献
219.
试论贵州农耕文化可持续发展问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
历史上贵州各民族创造了多种农耕经济文化类型,贵州的传统农耕文化因其诸多可持续发展因素而能够传承至今。时至今日由于生态环境恶化等原因,贵州农耕文化的发展面临巨大的挑战。但是由于科学技术的进步、产业结构的调整、生态环境的重建,将为贵州农耕文化的发展带来广阔前景。 相似文献
220.
王有仁 《河南司法警官职业学院学报》2006,4(1):28-31
监狱执法理念是涉及执法和管理的根本性问题。树立正确的执法理念,是社会法治文明在监狱执法工作中的重要体现,是适应监狱体制改革、完善刑罚执行制度的必然要求,是面向监狱工作实际、解决现实问题的迫切需要。监狱机关要在执法和管理中努力做到依法、规范、公正、文明,重点解决好“三个不能”的问题,抓好“四种规范”,在执法工作中实现“五个更加”,促进三个方面的文明化建设。监狱机关要以正确执法理念为统揽,正确定位监狱的职能和监狱警察的职责,努力维护监狱安全稳定,积极探索新的监狱生产组织结构,稳妥推进监狱体制和机制改革,建设高素质执法队伍,推进监狱工作创新发展。 相似文献