The relationship between childhood traumatic events,social support,and mental health problems in prisoners

This study examined the prevalence of childhood traumatic events (CTE), social support levels as well as mental health problems (MHP), to test for differences between traumatized and non-traumatized individuals, and to investigate the relationship among the aforementioned parameters in a sample of 49 prisoners in Switzerland. This cross-sectional study used standardized self-report measurements. In line with expectations, prisoners reported a high rate of traumatic events. Furthermore, results indicated that those traumatized differed from those non-traumatized regarding the level of social support, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression. However, no relationship between CTE and social support as well as MHP was found. This points to specific therapeutic needs of those traumatized, and to the necessity of a trauma-informed correctional care. Moreover, these study results are a further step into more integrated models of criminal behavior.     

Social support and one-year outcomes for women participating in prison-based substance abuse treatment programming

In recent decades, the number of women under criminal justice supervision has increased considerably, many of whom are serving time for drug offenses. Furthermore, women in prison are more likely than their non-institutionalized counterparts to suffer from a substance abuse disorder. While there is a growing body of research concerning women offenders’ drug abuse and treatment needs, few studies have examined the substance abuse treatment outcomes of women in the criminal justice system. Using data from Outcome Evaluation of the Forever Free Substance Abuse Treatment Program, this study compared women’s self-reported drug use twelve months after participation in high-intensity (n = 101) and low-intensity (n = 81) prison-based substance abuse treatment programming (N = 182). Women who perceived high levels of emotional social support were less likely to report substance use at 12-month follow-up. Furthermore, perceptions of emotional social support and treatment intensity interacted in their association with relapse, such that the protective effect of social support was strongest for women who participated in high-intensity programming. The results of the analyses highlight the importance of perceived social support for women with substance abuse disorders who are transitioning from prison-based substance abuse treatment programming to the community.     

林业习惯法对林业法制建设的意义

集体林权改革有自上而下的特点,但其成功终究离不开社会的支持,林业法制建设也不例外。林业习惯法出自特定地域社会,与国家制定法相比,有明显地域性,自发性和原初性特点。依照法律多元理论,社会秩序的维护并否单靠国家法就能完成的。林业习惯法能弥补国家制定法的局限,有助于林区秩序的维护,其现实合理性不容忽视。林业习惯法对于国家林业法制建设具有内容上的重要基础,实施过程中的重要补充,程序上的重要参照三大意义。因此集体林权改革过程中,应重视林业习惯法的价值,实现林业习惯法与国家制定法之间的互动与融合。     

律师阅卷难的法理分析及其立法建议

本文针对律师阅卷难的问题对全案移送制度及垄断证据的检察特权进行了法理分析;并在此基础上提出了全案移送检察院法院的“双轨制”,并对保障律师司法建议权提出了自己的看法。     

改制上市不是灵丹妙药--由日本的教训看我国银行改革的制度缺陷与制度设计

目前,我国国有商业银行的改革进入到攻坚阶段,改制上市成为当前国有商业银行改革的目标和救命稻草。但日本银行业历经十年的改革,却仍未取得实质进展的教训提醒我们,仅仅实现形式上的产权多元化和上市并不能从根本上解决银行业的问题,关键是要吸取日本银行改革的教训,分析国有商业银行改革中存在哪些制度缺陷,然后标本兼治,大刀阔斧地进行一系列制度创新才能把国有商业银行打造成富有效率、规范运作的现代金融企业。     

试论我国民法典体系的建构

民法典体系化是其内在要求 ,我国民法典应体现人类社会开放性与稳定性特点 ,应体现人本主义精神 ,为此 ,民法体系应构建如下 :总则篇 ,人身权篇、财产权篇、侵权责任篇、涉外民事关系的法律适用篇。     

市场经济条件下人才运行机制的研究

市场经济体制的逐步建立,对人才的培养、选拔和使用提出了全新的要求。适应社会的发展,树立科学的人才观,是构建市场经济条件下人才运行机制的理论前提。人才的优化配置、教育培养、选拔任用、考核评价、激励机制等是构建全新人才运行机制的主要内容。     

RACIAL ANIMOSITY AND INTERRACIAL CRIME*

The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of a victim's race on the likelihood of him or her being seriously injured during the commission of an interracial crime. We also assess the probability of a homicide occurring during an interracial crime. A multilevel city analysis shows that black offenders are no more apt than white offenders to injure their victims seriously during an interracial robbery or rape. A black offender also does not have a greater proclivity to kill his or her victim during the commission of an interracial crime. Some evidence suggests that white victims are more likely than black victims to suffer serious physical harm during an aggravated assault. Results also reveal that contextual factors related to racial animosity, such as residential segregation, white‐to‐black economic inequality, and black‐to‐white unemployment, fail to have any moderating effect on either the severity of victim injury or the likelihood of a homicide occurring during an interracial crime. Overall, the results generated in this study tend to cast doubt on the validity of racial animosity theory. Our findings also lead us to question the veracity of the oftenmade claim that black‐on‐white crimes are punished more severely because these types of offenses are somehow more heinous in circumstance. At least in regard to serious victim injury and victim death, black‐on‐white crime is no more violent than white‐on‐black crime.     

Classification of Glass Fragments Based on Elemental Composition and Refractive Index*

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of likelihood ratio (LR)‐based measures when they are applied to solving various classification problems for glass objects which are described by elemental composition, and refractive index (RI) values, and compare LR‐based methods to other classification methods such as support vector machines (SVM) and naïve Bayes classifiers (NBC). One hundred and fifty‐three glass objects (23 building windows, 25 bulbs, 32 car windows, 57 containers, and 16 headlamps) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. Refractive indices for building and car windows were measured before (RI_b), and after (RI_a) an annealing process. The proposed scheme for glass fragment(s) classification demonstrates some efficiency, although the classification of car windows (c) and building windows (w) must be treated carefully. This is because of their very similar elemental content. However, a combination of elemental content and information on the change in RI during annealing (ΔRI = RI_a?RI_b) gave very promising results. A LR model for the classification of glass fragments into use‐type categories for forensic purposes gives slightly higher misclassification rates than SVM and NBC. However, the observed differences between results obtained by all three approaches were very similar, especially when applied to the car window and building window classification problem. Therefore, the LR model can be recommended because of the ease of interpretation of LR‐based measures of certainty.     

论WTO体系下农业补贴的特殊安排及未来展望

与WTO《补贴协定》及GATT1994相比,在总体规范方法、概念、规则结构、救济等方面,《农业协定》采取了一套独特的规制方式,但在WTO农业补贴争端中,《补贴协定》、GATT1994与《农业协定》常被共同适用于农业补贴。此举强化了对农业补贴的规制,但农业补贴是否,以及在多大程度上继续享有特殊地位和待遇,最终应由成员谈判确定。在未来一段时期内,特殊的农业补贴规则将继续存在,我国在参与WTO农业谈判、诉讼,调整国内农业政策时,应给予充分重视。