改制上市不是灵丹妙药--由日本的教训看我国银行改革的制度缺陷与制度设计

目前,我国国有商业银行的改革进入到攻坚阶段,改制上市成为当前国有商业银行改革的目标和救命稻草。但日本银行业历经十年的改革,却仍未取得实质进展的教训提醒我们,仅仅实现形式上的产权多元化和上市并不能从根本上解决银行业的问题,关键是要吸取日本银行改革的教训,分析国有商业银行改革中存在哪些制度缺陷,然后标本兼治,大刀阔斧地进行一系列制度创新才能把国有商业银行打造成富有效率、规范运作的现代金融企业。     

试论我国民法典体系的建构

民法典体系化是其内在要求 ,我国民法典应体现人类社会开放性与稳定性特点 ,应体现人本主义精神 ,为此 ,民法体系应构建如下 :总则篇 ,人身权篇、财产权篇、侵权责任篇、涉外民事关系的法律适用篇。     

市场经济条件下人才运行机制的研究

市场经济体制的逐步建立,对人才的培养、选拔和使用提出了全新的要求。适应社会的发展,树立科学的人才观,是构建市场经济条件下人才运行机制的理论前提。人才的优化配置、教育培养、选拔任用、考核评价、激励机制等是构建全新人才运行机制的主要内容。     

RACIAL ANIMOSITY AND INTERRACIAL CRIME*

The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of a victim's race on the likelihood of him or her being seriously injured during the commission of an interracial crime. We also assess the probability of a homicide occurring during an interracial crime. A multilevel city analysis shows that black offenders are no more apt than white offenders to injure their victims seriously during an interracial robbery or rape. A black offender also does not have a greater proclivity to kill his or her victim during the commission of an interracial crime. Some evidence suggests that white victims are more likely than black victims to suffer serious physical harm during an aggravated assault. Results also reveal that contextual factors related to racial animosity, such as residential segregation, white‐to‐black economic inequality, and black‐to‐white unemployment, fail to have any moderating effect on either the severity of victim injury or the likelihood of a homicide occurring during an interracial crime. Overall, the results generated in this study tend to cast doubt on the validity of racial animosity theory. Our findings also lead us to question the veracity of the oftenmade claim that black‐on‐white crimes are punished more severely because these types of offenses are somehow more heinous in circumstance. At least in regard to serious victim injury and victim death, black‐on‐white crime is no more violent than white‐on‐black crime.     

Classification of Glass Fragments Based on Elemental Composition and Refractive Index*

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of likelihood ratio (LR)‐based measures when they are applied to solving various classification problems for glass objects which are described by elemental composition, and refractive index (RI) values, and compare LR‐based methods to other classification methods such as support vector machines (SVM) and naïve Bayes classifiers (NBC). One hundred and fifty‐three glass objects (23 building windows, 25 bulbs, 32 car windows, 57 containers, and 16 headlamps) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. Refractive indices for building and car windows were measured before (RI_b), and after (RI_a) an annealing process. The proposed scheme for glass fragment(s) classification demonstrates some efficiency, although the classification of car windows (c) and building windows (w) must be treated carefully. This is because of their very similar elemental content. However, a combination of elemental content and information on the change in RI during annealing (ΔRI = RI_a?RI_b) gave very promising results. A LR model for the classification of glass fragments into use‐type categories for forensic purposes gives slightly higher misclassification rates than SVM and NBC. However, the observed differences between results obtained by all three approaches were very similar, especially when applied to the car window and building window classification problem. Therefore, the LR model can be recommended because of the ease of interpretation of LR‐based measures of certainty.     

论WTO体系下农业补贴的特殊安排及未来展望

与WTO《补贴协定》及GATT1994相比,在总体规范方法、概念、规则结构、救济等方面,《农业协定》采取了一套独特的规制方式,但在WTO农业补贴争端中,《补贴协定》、GATT1994与《农业协定》常被共同适用于农业补贴。此举强化了对农业补贴的规制,但农业补贴是否,以及在多大程度上继续享有特殊地位和待遇,最终应由成员谈判确定。在未来一段时期内,特殊的农业补贴规则将继续存在,我国在参与WTO农业谈判、诉讼,调整国内农业政策时,应给予充分重视。     

渐进式整合:基层干部绩效考核的统一化逻辑

基于渐进主义的分析视角,通过考察G省西北部L县H乡2013—2018年改革个人工作考核体系的动态发展过程,研究基层政府在解决冲突繁杂的事务和多元考核对象的复杂情境与压力型体制下,如何不断调适和修正基层干部考核制度,形成以"渐进式整合"为特质的干部考核制度的演化路径,探求其深层的制度理性。我们发现,为解决现行基层治理和考核制度的合法性危机和有效性困境,基层政府会在外部环境和内部因素的双重影响下,不断在考核体系中纳入和巩固原本游离于体系之外的人员要素,如聘用人员、上级派驻的驻村干部,以及本应在考核体系之内却并未发挥效用的构成要素,如结果兑现、群众参与,最终形成自下而上的基层干部考核统一化整合框架,制度变革体现了理性选择的适当性逻辑。考核机制放弃了标准化、形式化和向上对标,采取了简单化、操作化和向下对标的松散耦合结构,体现了干中学的组织学习过程。它强化了干部考核制度的合法性基础,部分地缓解了基层治理的悬浮性问题,扭转了形式主义和痕迹主义带来的组织行为异化现象,有助于激活基层干部创新性发展、激发干部前瞻性行动、激励干部创造性干事。     

流程工业CIMS中的实时数据库技术

开放结构的分布式实时数据库系统能够提供高速的实时数据服务 ,能够有效地集成异构控制系统 ,它和关系数据库一起构成了流程企业的数据平台 ,对流程工业的生产信息集成起着极其重要的作用。本文介绍了在流程工业CIMS中实时数据库的功能、系统结构及其采用的关键技术     

损害赔偿社会化对英美侵权行为法的影响及其思考

近年来,随着我国现代化水平的提高,交通事故、食品安全事故等现代文明副产品也随即增多.如何进行有效的损害赔偿是一个既关乎被侵权人权益保护,又关乎侵权行为自身法发展的问题.在英美侵权行为法发展的历程中,也面临过同样的问题,因而从比较法的角度重新审视英美侵权行为法发展过程中的损害赔偿社会化问题,无疑将对中国侵权行为法的发展有所借鉴.     

审判委员会制度改革的思考及建议

我国审判委员会制度的"存"、"废"、"改"之争在法学界一直激烈地进行着.司法实践中,审判委员会制度所固有的一些弊端日益显现.最高人民法院"二五改革纲要"明确了要对审判委员会制度进行全面的改革,使争论统一到对审判委员会的改革和完善上来.针对这些弊端,应尽快修改人民法院组织法,通过完善三大诉讼舷法中的相关制度,力求给予这项传统的司法制度以新的科学含义.