法德刑事侦查制度比较研究

法德是大陆法系国家的典型代表,但是由于诸多因素的影响,两国的刑事侦查制度,在组织、程序、人事等方面又存在一定的差异.这主要是两国历史背景、国家结构形式、外来因素影响和现代化侦查制度的改革等的不同造成的.     

Schadenersatzreform – Verständnis und Missverständnisse

Im Juni 2005 hat eine Arbeitsgruppe nach etwa fünfj?hriger Vorlaufzeit einen Entwurf zwecks Gesamtreform des Schadenersatzrechts (= Arg-E) vorgelegt. Darauf hat ein Arbeitskreis nach zweij?hrigem Bemühen einen Vorschlag zu einer auf dem geltenden Recht aufbauenden Teilreform (= EdA) unterbreitet. Diesen hat Koziol mit strengem Blick geprüft (JBl 2008, 348). Hier die Antwort. – Im Anhang zu dieser Abhandlung wird der Entwurf des Arbeitskreises (= EdA) dem Text des geltenden Schadenersatzrechtes gegenübergestellt.     

突发公共事件应急管理研究中的重要科学问题

当今,各类突发公共事件已成为构建和谐社会的重要隐患,引起了社会各界的广泛关注.认为,加强突发公共事件应急管理中的科学问题研究是我国社会经济发展过程中产生的重大现实需求,对于建立和发展富有中国特色的应急管理理论以及相应的学科体系具有重要的科学意义;在此基础上,将突发公共事件应急管理中的科学问题归纳为突发公共事件应急管理体系建设战略研究、典型突发公共事件危机/灾害的机理机制研究、突发公共事件的监测预警研究、应急资源管理理论与技术研究、突发公共事件的认知与决策行为研究、突发公共事件的模拟仿真研究、突发公共事件的应急管理系统研究以及突发公共事件的后评估与重建研究,并对其研究现状和发展趋势进行了扼要的回顾和展望;最后建议国家有关部门设立重大研究计划以便加强研究力度,并就如何提炼和组织其中的科学问题提出了一些建议,可为我国开展突发公共事件应急管理中的科学问题研究提供参考.     

Predictive crime mapping

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as a key tool in intelligence-led policing and spatial predictions of crime are being used by many police services to reduce crime. Break and entries (BNEs) are one of the most patterned and predictable crime types, and may be particularly amendable to predictive crime mapping. A pilot project was conducted to spatially predict BNEs and property crime in Vancouver, Canada. Using detailed data collected by the Vancouver Police Department on where and when observed crimes occur, the statistical model was able to predict future BNEs for residential and commercial locations. Ideally implemented within a mobile GIS, the automated model provides continually updated predictive maps and may assist patrol units in self-deployment decisions. Future research is required to overcome computational and statistical limitations, and to preform model validation.     

Fracture Characteristics of Entrapped Head Impacts Versus Controlled Head Drops in Infant Porcine Specimens,,

In many forensic cases, the job of forensic pathologists and anthropologists is to determine whether pediatric death is due to an abusive act or an accidental fall. The goal of this study was to compare the cranial fracture patterns generated on the parietal bone of a developing, infant porcine (pig, Sus scrofa) model by a controlled energy head drop onto a plate versus previous data generated by blunt force impact at the same energy onto the head constrained to a plate. The results showed that blunt force impacts on a head constrained to a rigid plate produces more fracture, but the same general pattern, as that for a head dropped onto the plate with the same level of impact energy. The study suggests that head constraint may be an important factor to consider in the evaluation of death causation for blunt force impacts to the pediatric skull.     

Conservation and modern information technologies: The global register of migratory species (GROMS)

Abstract

The present paper reviews the state of knowledge of migratory species protected under the Bonn Convention (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals) and presents first results from the “Global Register of Migratory Species” (GROMS). GROMS summarises our knowledge on migratory species within one relational database in combination with a geographical information system (GIS). GROMS will reveal information deficiencies, support the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, and contribute to the Clearinghouse Mechanism under the Convention on Biological Diversity. At present, GROMS contains 412 species distribution maps in GIS format. As an initial example of the potential of GIS‐analysis, GIS‐maps of birds and mammals were intersected with administrative borders, and the number of species was calculated for each province. The resulting map shows a high diversity in temperate regions, which is in contrast to maps that usually show most “biodiversity hotspots” to be in the tropics. Consequences for conservation policies are discussed and future prospects for GIS analysis are outlined.     

完善人大对司法机关的监督关系

司法领域可以被看作是一个权力域,其中各种规范的和非规范的、制度内的和制度外的力量都可能介入到这个领域。而人大对司法的监督意味着它必须作为规范的、制度内的力量来发挥作用,并且由于它的监督将能够极大的增强各种规范的和制度内的力量,使它们能够始终主导司法过程,从而实现司法公正。为此,人大在发挥监督作用的同时还应着力避免自己成为影响这个领域的非规范的、制度外的因素。为此,本文论证了人大监督权与司法权关系的理论限度,讨论了强化人大影响司法过程的各种监督制度和方式的有效性与规范性问题。     

后危机时代越南金融改革的路径选择

越南的金融改革在银行规模和效率、证券市场和保险市场的广度方面取得了较大的成效。但是越南的金融改革仍然未摆脱金融抑制,其原因是越南没有建立以产权制度、法律制度为核心的良好的制度体系。鉴于此,金融危机之后,越南应继续在渐进的改革路径下加强产权保护,加快立法进程和提高法律的执行效力,提高政府效率,以此推动金融改革。