道路交通管理“教学练战一体化”教学模式设计——以西藏警官高等专科学校为例

西藏警专道路交通管理专业培养“公安基层部门从事道路交通管理的应用型人才”，选择“教学练战一体化”的教学模式是符合西藏警专人才培养和实际需求的教学模式。发挥其应用作用的关键在于充分了解西藏道路交通管理的需求和培养学生应该具备的职业素质和能力，并据此设计良性互动的环节，教是基础，学是关键，练是保证，战是导向。     

试论对外国人出入境人员的调查和遣返措施——以《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》为视角

2013年7月1日《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》开始施行。该法通过扩大调查对象的范围、增加调查措施的种类、规范调查措施的适用等加大了对违法外国人的查处力度。该法不但扩大了边检机关的执法范围,明确了边检机关的执法地位,并加大了对外国人非法入境、非法居留、非法就业等情形的重点打击,将外国人入境后的管理纳入常规管控范畴,规范了调查手段,完善了遣返措施。     

Integrating participatory elements into conventional research projects: measuring the costs and benefits

Until recently, participatory and conventional approaches to agricultural research have been regarded as more or less antagonistic. This article presents evidence from three sub-projects of a Thai–Vietnamese–German collaborative research programme on ‘Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Mountainous Regions of Southeast Asia’, in which participatory elements were successfully integrated into conventional agricultural research as add-on activities. In all three sub-projects the costs of studying local knowledge or enhancing farmers' experimentation consisted of additional local personnel, opportunity costs of participating farmers' time, and travel costs. However, these participatory elements of the research projects constituted only a small fraction of the total costs. It may be concluded that conventional agricultural research can be complemented by participatory components in a cost-effective way, while producing meaningful benefits in terms of creating synergies by blending scientific and local knowledge, scaling up micro-level data, and highlighting farmers' constraints affecting technology adoption.     

论英语教学评估中反馈的作用

评估是英语教学的组成部分，反馈是评估不可或缺的重要环节，但在英语教学评估中没有得到应有的重视。应加强评估者对反馈重要性的认识，充分发挥反馈在评估和英语教学中的积极作用，促进学生语言技能的提高。     

国际贸易法的新发展及其教学变革新思路

全球法律化与经济一体化对我国高校国际贸易法教学产生了重大影响并对之提出更高要求。为使我国高校国际贸易法教学适应新形势发展的需要 ,本文论述了国际贸易法的新发展及变革国际贸易法教学的必要性 ,并从教学目的、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、教学实践、教学与研究等方面 ,提出变革与创新国际贸易法教学的若干意见     

法律术语标准化的原则与方法

从立法技术的角度,阐明法律术语标准化的意义,指出法律术语标准化的语义法定原則、法学理念更新渐进原则、单义性原则、省力原則及标准化的一些方法,探讨了法律术语定义的语言描述和法律术语解释方式问题。     

Identification and analysis of smallholder producers’ constraints: applications to Tanzania and Uganda

This article puts forward a method for the analysis of constraints faced by developing countries’ smallholder producers. It is consistent with theories of constraints, efficient in terms of cost and researchers’ time, and accessible to a non-technical audience. A hybrid of workshop discussion and individual data collection, it also draws on data and analyses available in most developing countries. The article presents an application to smallholder livestock systems in Tanzania and Uganda, reporting results and analysis relating constraints to households’ characteristics and conditions, and their stated goals. While limitations are identified, it is proposed for application in other development fields.     

Farmer-to-farmer extension: opportunities for enhancing performance of volunteer farmer trainers in Kenya

Farmer-to-farmer extension (FFE) is playing a complementary role to formal extension services in facilitating the spread of agricultural technologies and improving farmers’ capacities. The effectiveness and sustainability of such programmes depend on volunteer farmer trainers (VFTs) having technical skills and overcoming process-related challenges that hinder them from achieving the desired outcomes. This article uses quantitative and qualitative data collected from seven sites to explore the challenges experienced by VFTs as they share their knowledge on livestock feed innovations in a dairy development project in Kenya. Sustainable opportunities for enhancing VFTs’ performance are discussed.     

Participatory cooperative research: for the people,by the people,with the people

Participatory research with cooperatives, which are people-owned businesses, would seem a natural option. However, there is little discussion evident in this area, with risks of research instead bypassing the perspective of members. This article discusses two dairy farmer cooperatives in rural Kenya. It looks at how, even where research is directed and controlled by others (e.g. funders), it can still be undertaken with cooperatives in a participatory way. This is essential to preserving values and principles linked to member participation and decision-making, as well as of self-help and self-responsibility. Participatory approaches also provide interesting insights into the way cooperatives operate.     

Strategic planning through a participatory learning and action framework: a Kenyan study

This paper reflects on the use of a participatory learning and action (PLA) framework in a strategic planning process (SPP) at a primary school in rural Kenya. Successes and challenges are discussed, focusing on the barriers to fully implementing the PLA framework. Additionally, lessons learnt and ways forward for participatory SPPs are outlined. The PLA framework allowed the project stakeholders to engage in a planning process that gave participants a voice in the process. Although PLA methodology faces shortcomings, the application of this model is a step towards making community development more sustainable.