Explaining Canada–US differences in attitudes toward the role of government: a test of S.M. Lipset’s ‘Continental Divide’

For decades scholars have engaged in a lively debate about the distinctiveness of Canadian and American value systems. Lipset (1990) argues that divergent responses to the American Revolution led Canada to embrace Tory values of ‘peace, order, and good government’ while Americans pursued classical liberal values of ‘life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness’. Other scholars question the extent, or even the existence, of the differences Lipset describes. Using surveys of students from Canadian and American universities close to the Canada–US border, we identify compelling support for Lipset’s hypothesised differences on the role of government in the least likely setting imaginable.     

胡适法律思想略论

胡适是实用主义在中国的主要代表 ,又是新文化运动的重要领袖之一。在政治法律方面 ,胡适根据其社会历史观进行认识 ,主张以自由主义的法律制度代替封建专制制度和其他形式的独裁制度 ,确立和弘扬自由主义的法治精神 ;提出了以建立“好政府”为起点的宪政改革主张 ,阐述了自己的民主宪政观 ;在人权的保障方面也有自己的见解。     

当代西方政治思潮的发展趋向

当代西方政治思潮是解构当代西方政治的基础。随着时代的变化,当代西方政治思潮的演进机制也日趋复杂易变,并在传承中超越,呈现出多元态势。在此基础上形成了关注现实、主题泛化和流派纷呈且相互交融等趋向。     

美国"伊拉克改造战略"析论

美国“伊拉克改造战略”的缘起十分复杂,既有历史远因,也有现实动因和石油诱因。伊拉克战败后,美国在中东具有了绝对的地缘优势地位,战后的伊拉克就是美国插在阿拉伯世界的“战略支柱”。目前美国在伊拉克面临着政治认同困境、部族主义对抗国家主义以及民主政治文化结构性缺失等诸多难题。美国“伊拉克改造战略”的深层结构性难题正在逐渐显露,徘徊于“退出”与“驻留”的战略两难境地将导致美国陷入霸权诱惑与越南式战争泥潭的历史宿命。     

Doctors and Nurses of Death: A Case Study of Eugenically Motivated Killing under the Nazi ‘Euthanasia’ Programme

This article reviews newly declassified US intelligence files and other sources, including relevant trial documents, related to the Nazi killing of mentally and physically sick individuals deemed to be of little further use to society. It both supplements and revises existing work on the so-called ‘Euthanasia’ programme at the Kaufbeuren psychiatric institution in Bavaria, and highlights a series of gender issues related to the involvement of women nurses including Catholic nuns, in this institute. In addition, this study not only casts new light on the way in which patients were, from admission onwards, redefined as disposable objects but also emphasises contradictions within the defence case of the defendants. School of Law, University of Manchester.     

美印战略伙伴：进展、问题和前景

冷战结束后 ,美印关系的进展引人注目。通过 1998年后的战略对话和最高领导人的互访 ,以及 9 11后两国关系的转型 ,到今年年初双方宣布“下一步战略伙伴”倡议 ,双边关系进入一个新的高度。基于共同的价值和利益 ,华盛顿和新德里在经济和安全领域开展了前所未有的合作。但在双边关系不断升温的同时 ,两国在一系列国际问题上仍存在分歧。美印战略伙伴是暂时现象 ,还是会进一步走向战略同盟 ?这值得我们关注和准备必要的应对措施。     

国际经济法的缘起及其效力——以市民社会与法的内在逻辑为视角

国际经济法乃是随着国际市民社会的产生而逐步产生的,在古代社会和近代国际强权政治体制下都不可能产生真正意义上的国际经济法.国际经济法得以发轫的内在根源在于国际市民社会成员在通过相互经济合作与交流过程中为自身私人利益的实现而产生的普遍规则需要,以及由此所产生的维护国际贸易与利益共同体存在的一般利益诉求.国际经济法作为从事国际经济贸易的市场主体在长期的外贸合作中所形成的交易惯例和贸易规则,作为这些成员通过多边谈判所达成的彼此共守的行为准则,它所调整的乃是国家间及国际贸易主体之间的具有私法意义的经济利益关系.WTO及其争端解决机制的建立,则为维护国际经济秩序和解决国际贸易纠纷提供了强有力的法律保障机制.     

2004年美国大选的结果及其对美国外交的影响

美国总统大选结果的各种因素的解释,不只是经济状况、内外政策和候选人个人品格,更重要的是一些存在于美国政治运行中的经验性规律。在伊拉克的硝烟未尽之时,在“9·11”的创痛未愈之际,此次美国总统大选的结果所将产生的影响也将是深远的。这种影响不仅仅是促使美国本身的内外政策稳健与温和,对国际局势,包括美中关系也产生重要的积极作用。     

Image repair in the aftermath of inaccurate polling: How the news media responded to getting it wrong in 1948 and 2016

The US presidential elections of 1948 and 2016 produced surprise outcomes when the predicted winners ended up losing the election. Using image repair theory, this article explains the strategies the media used to repair their image in light of predicting the wrong winner. Using a qualitative analysis of news coverage that immediately followed the 1948 and 2016 presidential elections, this study finds that the media utilized similar image repair strategies of offering explanations for poor information, highlighting the media’s good reporting, diminishing the harm caused by the inaccurate predictions, and justifying the inaccurate predictions of both elections. However, the media responses in 1948 and 2016 differed greatly in tone and in the utilization of a new attack strategy to deflect criticism of the media itself. These strategies suggest that media use of image restoration is limited because of the unique societal expectations placed on the press, and that the media’s inaccurate 2016 predictions and subsequent attack strategies may have been contributed to the heightened criticism of mainstream news.     

Different forces in one: the origin and development of organizational cultures in the Japanese Ground and Maritime Self-Defense Forces, 1950–present

This article explains the processes in which the two SDFs’ organizational cultures were formed by examining the ways in which the two Self Defense Forces (SDFs) were established in the early 1950s and have interacted with their US counterparts since that time. The article argues that the reason that the Ground Self Defense Force (GSDF) has been so cautious about sending troops to overseas operations, whereas the Maritime Self Defense Force (MSDF) has been willing to provide any possible support for the US Navy (USN), is that they have developed different organizational cultures – different collective beliefs and understandings about how to contribute to the national interest that they defined – through their decades-long relations with their US counterparts since the early 1950s. It is especially important to consider what type of Japanese actors were in charge of establishing each of the two SDFs in the early 1950s, what intentions they had when they established the two SDFs, and what kind of relations they had with their US counterparts. It is also important to consider how the USAR and USN responded to the requests from their Japanese counterparts in the 1950s and 1960s.