家庭主要照顾者与我国老年人对社区服务需求的研究

通过分析2010年中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查的数据,本文探讨了家庭主要照顾者对我国城乡老年人社区服务需求的影响。主要照顾者被分为五类,即配偶、儿子、女儿、儿媳和其他人。配偶和儿子在我国城乡老年人照顾者中所占的比例最高;儿媳在农村老年人主要照顾者中占的比例较高。对各种社区服务有需求的农村老人的比例高于城市老人;城乡老年人对上门看病和上门护理服务需求最高。回归结果表明,被配偶和女儿照顾的城市老人对社区服务有需求的可能性较小;被女儿照顾的农村老人对社区服务有需求的可能性较低。这说明被不同照顾者照料的老年人对社区服务的需求有显著差异;被儿子、儿媳和其他人照料的老年人很可能是今后我国老年社区服务的主要对象。     

Political ideology and nuclear energy: Perception,proximity, and trust

Political ideology is an increasingly powerful force in support of public policy. Historically, nuclear energy has found more support among political conservatives. This study updates the literature on political ideology and support for nuclear energy by examining how political ideology is associated with perceptions of nuclear energy and trust of nuclear information sources. After excluding participants with incomplete data, and participants within 50 miles of a nuclear reactor, the analytical sample size for the analysis examining political ideology and perceptions of nuclear energy was 4153. The analytical sample includes a total of 1035 participants within a 50-mile radius of INL, 710 participants from within Idaho who lived further than 50 miles from INL, 1899 participants from other states (more than 50 miles from a nuclear reactor), and 509 Non-Idaho participants living within 50 miles of a nuclear reactor. Logistic regression was used to determine how political ideology was associated with perceptions of nuclear energy and trust in different sources regarding radioactive waste, after controlling for demographics and location. While liberal participants near INL were less favorable towards nuclear energy, and more trusting in impact scientists to tell the truth about radioactive waste than their conservative counterparts, this was not consistent across the US. Our findings reveal the complexity of political ideology and the perceptions of nuclear issues and how proximity influences perceptions. The perceptions of political moderates were particularly important in providing a more complex understanding of political ideology and nuclear energy issues.     

Eliciting preferences for land use alternatives: A structured value referendum with approval voting

This article discusses an experimental application of the Structured Value Referendum (SVR) with approval voting. The decision context is selecting the best land use for an undeveloped area of publicly owned suburban land in Richmond, British Columbia. Subjects were a random sample of 200 registered voters, selected in a "mall‐intercept" format. Subjects reviewed relevant information, completed a ballot, and then completed a survey about their satisfaction with the approval voting format. The results are of substantive interest for the land use decision, and show a high preference for an approval voting format. The results show ease in understanding the task and information provided, as well as a belief that this approach could be useful in guiding public policy. © 1999 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

Maximizing order or harm? Arrests among a social network of people who inject drugs in a large urban city

Encountering the criminal justice system at the first point of entry---an arrest---is associated with heightened HIV and Hepatitis risk behavior among people who inject drugs (PWIDS). Intervening structurally through the criminal justice system impacts public health; therefore, determining arrest patterns is an important tool for risk reduction. Among a sample of 740 PWIDs, and their social network members recruited from predominantly African-American neighborhoods in Baltimore City, a third were recently arrested in the previous six months, and of those, the arrests were disproportionately African-American persons and characterized as nonviolent, i.e., drug possession/attempt to purchase (38%) and loitering (29%). Poisson regression models were built adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, homelessness, and monthly income after exploring bivariable characteristics of arrests using chi-squared tests. Active drug use was associated with a recent arrest (adjusted prevalence ratio: aPR 2.38 95% CI 1.6, 3.6), in addition to participants who recently reported attending a syringe exchange program (aPR 1.45 95% CI 1.1, 2.0). Our findings are suggestive of recent media coverage and burgeoning research revealing the prioritization of policing resources toward both communities of color and neighborhoods of intensified drug trafficking. Further research is warranted to contextualize the operationalization of criminal justice resources and the impact on community health.     

在网络化环境中提高图书分类质量的几个问题

在新世纪网络化环境中, 做好图书分类工作直接决定和影响着图书馆整体工作的水平。要切实提高图书分类质量, 图书馆就要关注和把握几个重要问题 (1) 提高分类质量的基础和前提是熟悉和掌握分类法;(2) 提高分类质量的有效途径是制定与完善本馆的分类细则; (3) 提高分类质量的保证是严格遵循图书分类工作程序; (4) 提高分类质量的关键是不断提高分类人员的综合素质和能力。     

创造国际直接投资新环境开拓中俄经贸合作新局面

中俄两国经贸关系走上了正常发展的轨道,相互投资成为深化两国经济关系的重要内容。国际直接投资是突破贸易壁垒、进入一国市场的重要手段,也是稳定中俄经济关系的根本基础。中俄相互投资存在经济转轨尚未完全实现、法律法规不健全、缺乏有效的筹资渠道、沟通渠道不畅等制度性和基础性障碍。为促进中俄两国相互投资健康、快速发展,应在签定双边投资协定、建立中俄商业协会、开辟投资融资途径、相互建立工业园区以及举办投资洽谈会等方面构建相互投资的宏观环境。     

网络环境与国际民商新秩序的构建

网络环境带给人们快捷高效的同时 ,也带来了法律冲突问题。因特网的国际性决定了构建国际民商新秩序必须依靠国际社会的协调与合作 ,而这种合作的价值定位应该是寻求国际社会的整体利益和国家利益之间的动态平衡。     

论通过首长负责制实现环境善治

我国在"十一五"规划中将节能减排作为约束性的指标,取得了良好的环境治理效果.这一做法的成功之处是实行了节能减排责任制,实行行政问责制.这些做法体现了责任政府的要求,抓住了环境治理问题的核心,发挥了行政首长负责制的优势,提高了各级政府的行政执行力.在今后的环境治理中,我们需要对这一制度加以完善,如扩展环境指标的范围、完善环境问责的对象和追究程序等.     

公共部门劳动关系的法律环境及其调适

《劳动合同法》第二条第二款规定的公共部门①劳动关系,在外观上与企业内劳动关系并无差别。但因用人单位的特殊性而导致这类劳动关系具有区别于企业劳动关系的某些特质。公共部门劳动关系存有区别于企业内劳动关系的法律环境,在协调机制也有自己的特点,需要针对公共部门劳动关系的特质而采取不同的员工激励方式。     

巴西环境保护法律机制评析

20世纪60—70年代巴西创造了经济奇迹,同时,也带来了严重的环境污染和环境破坏。为应对环境问题,巴西确立了体系完整、规范细密的环境保护法律体系,但由于受历史因素和旧制度惯性以及官员腐败的影响,由环境行政和环境司法构成的法律实施机制未取得较好成效。为此,巴西提出了与时俱进的环境政策。但其环境保护法律机制经常受到经济发展政策的干扰,不能充分发挥作用。今后,巴西环境诉讼有待完善,环境行政执法能力有待提高,尤其是法律实施机制的基础性制度及其他相关制度需要不断完善。