交通违章记分中存在的问题及其对策探析

交通违章记分在制度设计和管理实践中均存在一定的局限。主要表现在:《记分办法》第16条对将行政处罚的行政、司法审查前置于对违章记分审查的制度规定不尽合理;机动车驾驶员逃避违章记分管理心理较为严重;公安交通管理部门在违章记分管理中执法不严。其解决措施有:加强法制宣传,发挥违章记分的教育管理作用;端正行政机关的执法意识,严肃执法纪律;增强违章记分管理的法律救济性。     

理念与经验:中国与北美社区建设之比较

中国与北美虽然对社区的定义存在基本融通之处,但隐在社区概念背后的思维方式存在重大差别,导致社区建设的实践理念也出现明显差异。从国内关注的社区体制、社区服务、社区组织、社区文化等4个方面比较,两地社区建设在经验上已经各有短长,并不能轻易做优劣之分,这与两地的传统、文化、体制以及发展阶段都有关系。但从现代化的普遍规律看,北美社区贯穿的社会化特色与中国社区贯穿的行政化特色相比,的确可启发我们在社区建设的理念上增强社会化关怀、行动上推崇人性化服务、建制上提升居民的组织化能力、模式上探索特色性框架。中国特色的方向在于整合行政化的遗产与社会化的趋向,而其前提是向社会赋权并且有效地加以保障。     

日本发展循环经济的成功经验及对我国的启示

我国建立资源节约型国民经济体系和资源节约型社会,实现可持续发展和小康社会的宏伟目标离不开循环经济的发展。从国际循环经济发展来看,日本的经验值得借鉴。日本出于实现经济可持续发展、保持国际竞争力、赢得市场的战略动机,从法律体系、政策扶持、微观运行体系和促进公众参与等方面大力促进循环经济的发展,其成功经验值得我国借鉴。由此得到启示,我国应从建立法律体系、实施有力政策、推进企业化和提高公民意识四个方面入手来发展循环经济。     

The Failure of Presidentialism in Central Asia

Institutional design can impact the dynamics of power relations in Central Asian states. Majoritarianism and the rigidity of the fixed terms of presidential systems are amplified by the personalist regimes of Central Asia, often leading to instability. A parliamentary system may reduce the political repression of these regimes by decreasing the stakes in each particular election. It may also increase stability due to the higher flexibility of the system. The effectiveness of the parliamentary system, however, depends largely on the existence of strong cohesive parties.     

Are we using technology for technology's sake? An evaluation of a simulated employment exercise at undergraduate level

The technology enabled us to form a large cohort into small groups with relative ease. There is a considerable amount of literature discussing the optimum method of group formation to minimise conflict and maximise achievement. This paper argues that the formation of the group is not critical to its cohesion as long as staff are able to manage its operation; and it is the use of technology that facilitates this. Careful management of group work resulted in outstanding levels of student satisfaction with the process.     

Attitudes Towards Severity of Punishment: A Conjoint Analytic Approach

Past research suggests that attitudes towards severity of punishment are affected by crime‐specific factors. The impact of such factors has usually been investigated by between‐subjects designs. The studies reported in this paper, however, are based on within‐subjects designs, using conjoint analysis for data collection and analysis. Study 1 employs a rape scenario for investigating the impact of the victim–offender relationship and of two victim characteristics – provocative behavior and intoxication. Study 2 uses a theft and an assault scenario for analyzing the influence of several offender and crime characteristics on sanctioning: offender's age, readiness to confess, previous convictions, and severity of the offense. Results from both studies are reported and discussed in terms of utility values. These values represent the importance placed on the case characteristics focused upon. In addition to the general evaluation of case characteristics, inter‐individual differences are analyzed by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. Advantages of the conjoint analytic approach over conventional research methods on sanctioning behavior are discussed.     

我国区域产业转移的模式比较与战略选择

区域产业转移作为国际产业转移在一国国内的延伸,已经成为区域经济活动中的一种常态现象。我国在长期的区域产业转移实践中,形成了多种区域产业转移模式,通过对这些模式的共同点和不同点的比较,立足促进我国区域经济协调发展的进程,区域产业转移模式设计必须适应"区域地位平等、产业要素互补、政府市场分工明确、产业园区健全、产业发展可持续"的理念原则,同时要选择实施创新、后发优势、选优、结构优化、共赢等战略,充分发挥区域产业转移在推动我国区域经济协调发展中的积极效应。     

浅议计算机辅助教学中多媒体教学课件的设计与制作

本文介绍了计算机辅助教学与多媒体教学课件的概念 ,阐述了多媒体技术对现代教育的影响 ,指出目前的多媒体教学课件所存在的不足 ,以及教师在开发设计多媒体课件时的某些误区 ,提出了多媒体辅助教学系统的设计、多媒体课件制作等方面的一些观点     

Experiences of coercion during investigation and treatment

According to Swedish legislation (LVM) compulsory treatment shall be decided on if someone, due to ongoing abuse of alcohol, drugs or volatile solvents, is in need of care to overcome abuse and if a voluntary intervention is not possible. Very little research has been conducted in Sweden on this particular legislation with regard to the clients' experiences of entire process from assessment to aftercare. We interviewed 74 subjects who were being assessed prior to the court's decision on involuntary care (n=39), or with previous experience of assessment and involuntary care (n=35). The assessment group more often reported having the opportunity to express their opinions to the social worker during the assessment period (55% vs. 21%, p<.05) and they were more positive towards the final decision (60% vs. 24%, p<.05). In spite of the law, 18% were not contacted by the social services while in coercive treatment. The clients who did meet with a social worker, often described the conferences as more of a perfunctory nature with a lack of focus on the actual situation and aftercare planning. This study points at a need of studying the subjects' experiences of the whole continuum of the coercive process: from the investigation, to treatment and to aftercare. It also points at the need for new instruments to be developed covering all aspects of the coercive process and in particular the period of investigation prior to the decision on involuntary care.     

唐律所体现的古代立法经验

唐律集历代立法经验之成,无论在规范体例、简约条文方面,还是在纳礼入律的指导思想方面,都继承并发展了以往的传统,唐律修订的成功经验说明:法律体系和典章的完备必须经过漫长的历史经验的积累,同时立法者还必须认真对待并珍惜这些经验,使其在立法中得以体现、发挥作用。