论指挥员在作战行动中的战争法意识

现代战争法或日武装冲突法是规范交战国及其武装部队之间的关系和作战行动的原则和规则的总称.战争法能否得到遵守和执行,关键取决于双方军队的军人,尤其是各级指挥员.如何根据军事行动的具体任务,在战争法基本原则的框架内,将作战指挥与战争法要求结合起来,是我军适用战争法的前提,为此,各级指挥员必须了解战争法,强化依法指挥的意识.     

Remembering A Year of Anniversaries, 2015

2015 was a year of significant anniversaries and commemorations related to the Commonwealth, Magna Carta, World War II and the United Nations. In this article the author reflects on these events, on his personal participation and on the media coverage of the events.     

The United Kingdom and International Peacekeeping: 1960–2014

Abstract

The UK has continued to regard itself as a world power despite the reduction in its capability for intervention overseas. Its armed forces pride themselves on professionalism, competence and adaptability. In practice their involvement in peacekeeping operation has been sporadic given different priorities, defence cuts and public unease about military intervention overseas. The UK’s current involvement is minimal and the UK is likely to remain a marginal player for the foreseeable future.     

抗战前夕广东洋米免税风潮述论

抗战前夕广东洋米免税风潮是广东省米谷歉收和积谷备荒、国外和外省米源减少、广东币值下降等多种因素综合演变的结果。这次风潮经历了三个阶段,从国米输粤到100万担洋米半税,再到400万担洋米谷完全免税,一波三折。免税风潮集中反映了粮食产销间的矛盾,以及国民政府在协调冲突时的两难境遇,也留下了宝贵的经验教训。     

越战时期英美国绕英国出兵问题的分歧与协调

英美对越南战争的认识和观点差别较大,两国围绕英国是否出兵越南产生很大矛盾。虽经多次磋商,但英国自始至终拒绝美国的出兵要求。然而,由于英国在诸如西欧防务、英镑的支持等方面有求于美国,所以英国政府也竭力与美国协调以避免关系破裂,坚持为美国的越南政策提供道义上和外交上的支持,同时极力斡旋调停,帮助美国”体面地”撤离越南,但最终还是未能避免由此给英美关系带来的严重的负面冲击。     

战后国民政府对缅遣侨问题初探

二战期间,英美两国倡导创建联合国善后救济总署(UNRRA),统筹协调战后世界各国难民的救助与遣返工作.战后,在联合国善后救济总署的指导与帮助下,国民政府精心筹划组织,动用大量人财物力,开展艰苦卓绝的东南亚华侨遣返复员工作.因国民政府对缅遣侨过程最为复杂,外交交涉最为困难,遣返人数亦最多,故成为整个遣侨工作的重中之重.     

抗美援朝战争中的停战谈判决策研究

本文重点探讨中国的"战争局部化"战略、志愿军作战目标的制订及其变化等因素--对停战决策的影响。中国军队入朝作战后进行的五次战役都伴随着停战谈判的考虑,有关停战的设想和条件也是不断变化的。有关的各种意见和决策始终联系着对"战争局部化"战略的理解、背离或贯彻。探讨停战谈判决策与探讨军事决策一样,都必须比较准确地理解中国决策层有关"战争局部化"的概念。     

Analyzing and Interpreting Lime Burials from the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939): A Case Study from La Carcavilla Cemetery

Over 500 victims of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) were buried in the cemetery of La Carcavilla (Palencia, Spain). White material, observed in several burials, was analyzed with Raman spectroscopy and powder XRD, and confirmed to be lime. Archaeological findings at La Carcavilla's cemetery show that the application of lime was used in an organized way, mostly associated with coffinless interments of victims of Francoist repression. In burials with a lime cast, observations made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the presence of soft tissue at the moment of deposition, the sequence of events, and the presence of clothing and other evidence. This study illustrates the importance of analyzing a burial within the depositional environment and taphonomic context.     

二战时期马来亚华人与印度人政治活动的比较分析

二战初期,英属马来亚华人就已展开轰轰烈烈的抗日救亡运动,支持中国抗战。英属马来亚印度人则主要通过举行罢工等较为温和的方式,希望英国殖民政府给予他们公平合理的地位和待遇。日据时期,马来亚华人开展富有成效的抗日武装斗争。马来亚印度人则通过与日本人的合作,借助日军的力量,掀起了一场较有声势的独立运动,希望推翻英国人在祖籍国印度的殖民统治。从民族主义和身份认同的角度考察,二战时期马来亚华人与印度人的政治活动既有共同点和相似性,更有明显的不同和差异。     

Introduction: claiming social citizenship

Social citizenship in the classical sense of T.H. Marshall has been declared to be eroded and to have lost its significance. The introduction to this special issue challenges this assumption and argues that recent anthropological work on social citizenship in post-colonial, post Cold War and post-socialist states have shown that social citizenship is relevant and is being claimed by citizens of these states. Historical notions of citizenship as well as claiming rights to state support in return for having worked for the state are at work here. Furthermore the contributions to this issue illustrate how notions and practices of social citizenship compete and sometimes replace other practices of claiming citizenship on the basis of ethnicity, nationality or cultural ties.