The Politics of Targeted and Untargeted Counterterrorist Regulations

Civil liberties came under pressure after Al Qaeda’s attacks in the U.S. and Europe. Governments in many Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries started questioning the effectiveness of counterterrorist policies and regulations. Incumbents responded to terrorism not only by introducing ex novo (or re-adapting) laws and regulations affecting a large set of civil rights; they also responded to international terrorism by choosing between an untargeted and a targeted legislative response. Some governments reduced the liberties of foreign foes more than the freedoms of citizens, while others preferred burdening all individuals within their borders, immigrants and citizens alike. This article analyzes the determinants of targeted and untargeted antiterrorist responses to Al Qaeda terrorism in a sample of 20 Western democracies from 2000 to 2008. The findings suggest that patterns of targeted legislation were more pronounced in countries governed by right-wing incumbents and those where the decisional power in the cabinet is divided among a few number of political parties. In addition, a larger share of Muslims and the degree of ethnic fractionalization played a relevant role in determining governments’ choices of prime targets.     

Border Security and Drug Trafficking in Senegal: AIRCOP and global security assemblages

Transnational security governance initiatives in West Africa, operationalized through international statebuilding interventions, are altering the sub-region’s borders and border enforcement. The article employs a practice-oriented ‘global security assemblages’ approach to demonstrate how border security professionals compete over how, who, and where to secure the border from borderless threats like drug trafficking. The article demonstrates this theoretical position empirically through an analysis of struggles over a flagship drug control project implemented by the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) at Senegal’s Leopold Sédar Senghor (LSS) airport—AIRCOP. Senegalese customs, police, and gendarmes simultaneously cooperate and compete with international actors, private actors based at the airport, and amongst themselves, over how to curb drug trafficking. Through these competitive struggles over who should be the border’s guardian and how it should be guarded, it can be seen how new security practices and understandings are devised, as well as how borders become (re)constituted within the connected spaces of global security assemblages.     

和平共处五项原则基础上中印关系的新发展

1988年以来,中印关系在和平共处五项原则基础上获得了新的发展,今年4月温总理的印度访问又开启了中印关系的新篇章.目前,两国边界争端虽未解决,但它不会成为两国发展关系的障碍.中印两国领导人都有着良好的合作意愿,两国在政治领域、经贸领域以及能源开发方面都有着广阔的合作空间.     

西部外商投资软环境中存在的问题及对策

投资环境是影响和制约外商投资活动的重要因素。我国西部投资软环境中存在思想观念守旧、劳动力素质普遍较低、市场经济体制滞后、政策环境较差、政府机构办事效率低下、法律和监管不健全等问题,影响了外资的大量流入。改善西部投资软环境应从以下几方面着手:转变观念,提高对外资的认识;加速人才培育,开发人力资源;加快西部地区市场化体制改革的步伐;完善外资的政策环境;提高西部地区政府机构的办事效率;优化法制环境。     

谷崎润一郎的唯美历程说略

谷崎润一郎是日本近现代文坛重要作家之一,其成长轨迹体现了日本明治、大正、昭和时期东洋与西洋文化交错影响下文人的心路。纵观谷崎润一郎的文学创作,可以看到在不同时期、不同作品中,体现着不同的美感追求,本文将通过探讨唯美主义的发生与流变,努力廓清谷崎润一郎的唯美历程。     

中国西部地区旅游业全要素生产效率研究

文章通过引入扩展的索洛剩余模型,利用2000—2009年中国西部地区12个省（区、市）的面板数据对旅游经济发展的要素投入和全要素生产效率（Total Factor Productivity,TFP）进行计量分析后发现：（1） 旅游业固定资产投入、人力资本投入、旅游基础设施投入和旅游服务设施投入共同促进了西部地区旅游经济的快速发展;（2） 西部地区旅游经济发展仍然处于规模报酬递增阶段,规模报酬系数为1.4278,旅游要素投入仍将促进旅游经济发展;（3） 但值得注意的是,西部地区旅游业TFP较低,考察期内年均进步速率仅为2.98%。今后,需在加强旅游要素投入、完善基础设施建设的同时,充分重视旅游业TFP的提高。     

Sanctuary Policies and City-Level Incidents of Violence, 1990 to 2010

Despite media coverage of isolated incidents of violent crime perpetuated by undocumented immigrants in cities with sanctuary policies, there is scant systematic research on the relationships between the adoption of sanctuary policies, unauthorized immigration, and crime. We compile city-level data from official sources and use fixed-effects negative binomial regression to examine whether the adoption of city-level sanctuary policies and the concentration of unauthorized Mexican immigrants are associated with homicide and robbery incidents in 107 U.S. cities, across three decades. We find evidence that the adoption of sanctuary policies is associated with a reduction in robberies but not homicide. In contrast, an increase in the relative size of a city’s unauthorized Mexican immigrant population corresponds with a reduction in homicide; however, only in sanctuary cities. Lastly, shifts in violence during our study period are consistently related to social structural characteristics of cities, which are findings consistent with social disorganization theory.     

Community perceptions of a public sex offender registry introduced in Western Australia

Abstract

Publically accessible information about sex offenders through an online registry of sex offenders has been a polemic issue for governments, police and the wider community with debate largely driven by community expectations of police ensuring the safety of children and women from sexual predators. In October 2012, Western Australia became the first and currently only state or territory in Australia to allow public access to a three tiered register via the Community Protection Website (CPW) that would be monitored by West Australian Police. The introduction of this website triggered significant debate across the country. A survey was developed to capture the opinions of members of the public who had accessed the online registry to understand their views of the online tool and its purpose as a form of community safety. Findings from the survey reveal that the community lacks understanding of the prevalence of child sexual abuse and the fact that a child is more likely to experience sexual victimization within the family unit. There is also a need for greater community education and awareness about the purpose and limitations of the CPW as many believed that all sex known sex offenders are publicly registered, therefore creating a false sense of security.     

试论二十一世纪印度石油工业发展

上个世纪,印度石油工业历经40多年的发展取得了巨大的成就。进入新世纪,印度所面临的国际国内环境发生了重大变化,使得印度石油工业的发展面临着新的挑战。本文以制定于2001年3月的《2025年印度油气发展规划》为依托,并结合近来国际石油市场的新动向,试图阐析二十一世纪印度石油工业在印度新政府的领导下如何更好地应对挑战,从而更加有效地推动印度经济的高速发展。     

Desirable and undesirable migrants. Disease,eugenics, and discourses in modern Buenos Aires

Immigration was a central feature in the making of modern Buenos Aires. Elites celebrated the massive presence of immigrants but also voiced concerns about the arrival of certain groups perceived as potentially dangerous to the making of a healthy, modern “Argentine race.”Eugenic discourses rationalized those concerns around the idea of desirable and undesirable immigrants. People with tuberculosis were part of the latter. These discourses, however, were merely discourses, either not implemented in practice or mostly inconsequential. This article underlines the importance of being cautious when historical narratives of eugenics are only based on discourses.