Towards a school constitution for freedom -- a comparative analysis in Western and Eastern Europe

This article shows the recent European discussion on and developments in the reform of school government and administration. This reorganisation is directed at reducing state influence and widening self-responsibility of schools. It is a part of a general development towards decentralisation and deregulation, subsidiarity and plurality in civil society. This overview, with illustrations from different countries, shows a general agreement in Western and Eastern Europe that the humanisation of education must also be promoted through liberalisation and democratisation of decision-making. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

浅析西部大开发进程中的法制建设

西部地区的贫穷与落后,从法律制度上分析,主要是西部法制环境的滞后。如何消除这一不利因素,首先,树立宪法和法律的权威,增强法律至上的观念;其次,依法规范政府的行政行为,增加透明度;第三,加强地方立法建设,确保有法可依。     

试论检察机关在为西部大开发营造良好法治环境方面的作用

本文主要就西部开发面临的法治问题和检察机关在西部大开发中的主要任务 ,结合广西区情谈作者个人看法。     

西方文化思想与中国近代社会变革--对中国近代社会思潮的历史反思

作为向西方学习的实践活动,近代中国人经历了从洋务运动到戊戌变法,再到辛亥革命,直至五四运动等几个历史阶段。伴随着这一过程,中国社会也经历了由经济到政治并到文化的三个层面的巨大变革。     

Crime Trends in Western Europe from 1990 to 2000

This paper analyses the evolution of police recorded crime rates for nine offences (intentional homicide, assault, rape, robbery, theft, vehicle theft, burglary, domestic burglary, and drug offences) over the period 1990–2000 in 16 Western European Countries. The analysis shows that there was an increase in drug and violent offences, while property offences reached a peak at the beginning of the 1990s and started decreasing afterwards. The evolution of property offences can be related to the emergence of a large black market for stolen goods in Central and Eastern Europe at the beginning of the time series, while by the end of it that market was saturated and there had also been a reinforcement of police measures in the frontiers and of security measures in Western European households. The increase in drug offences is correlated to the rise of drug use in Europe shown by other indicators, and can be related to an increased availability of drugs in European markets. Finally, the upward trend in violent offences can be explained partially by gang struggles over the control of illegal markets and by the consolidation of problematic neighbourhoods, but seems also due to a large extent of increase in the reporting of violent offences by their victims and the recording of such offences by the police. The analysis shows that opportunity-based theories provide a satisfactory explanation of the trends in recorded crime, and that the crime opportunities are heavily influenced by socio-economical factors.Versions of this paper were presented at the 3rd Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology (Helsinki, August 27–30, 2003) and at the Societies of Criminology 1st Key Issues Conference (Paris, May 13–15, 2004). The paper was written during a stay at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law (Freiburg imBreisgau, Germany) made possible through the support of Swiss National Science Foundation     

从产业结构分析我国西部开发的融资行为

能否获得足够的资金支持关系着西部大开发的成败,而投资的效益则决定着资金的流向,从而影响着产业的布局。本文从产业结构角度研究西部开发的资金运用情况,为西部大开发的融资提出政策性建议。     

评"西方列宁学"关于列宁政党学说的观点

在列宁的思想中,知识分子创造科学社会主义理论与无产阶级创造这种理论是统一的,在革命斗争过程中党同无产阶级的关系是一种密切的宣传与被宣传、鼓动与被鼓动的关系,而不是取代者与被取代者的关系。“西方列宁学”所谓列宁以“知识分子”取代无产阶级或者以“党”取代无产阶级的说法是对列宁新型无产阶级政党学说的歪曲。列宁十分注重处理好党中央与党的地方组织之间的关系,十分重视发挥党的地方组织的作用和党员的作用;作为党的领袖的列宁,一向尊重党的代表大会和中央全会的意见,执行党的决议。“西方列宁学”提出列宁以党中央取代党的地方组织和党员,以自己取代党中央,是完全站不住脚的。     

西欧公共行政改革评述

瑞典、英国、荷兰、德国、奥地利、瑞士等西欧国家以新公共管理为主要标志的公共行政改革的总体趋势和基本内容主要包括:权力下放;敌革战略管理、控制和计划、预算制度;确立改革的市场或顾客取向;改革公共人事管理制度等。虽然西欧国家的公共行政改革取得了明显的成效,但也存在着一系列的问题。     

民族区域自治法修订对西部大开发的现实意义

修订民族区域自治法对西部大开发具有现实意义 :1、为西部地区各民族实现共同富裕 ,加强民族大团结、保持社会稳定和边疆安全提供了基本法律保障 ;2、有利于扩大国内有效需求 ,实现西部地区经济持续快速增长 ;3、为西部民族地区的发展注入了长久的生命力 ;4、有利于西部地区与全国同步实现现代化建设的第三步战略目标 ;5、将西部大开发和少数民族传统文化的合理保护有机地结合起来 ;6、为西部民族地区最终实现科教兴国和人才兴国的战略目标指明了方向。     

The national politics of EU enlargement in the Western Balkans

Abstract

European enlargement has often been viewed from an institutional perspective. The academic literature in the field has tended to focus primarily on how the Commission or the Council has addressed the issue of EU expansion. Relatively little attention has been paid to the role of individual member states. This article considers the way in which domestic political concerns and national politics affects the way in which EU members approach enlargement to the Western Balkans. It does this by examining studies conducted on seven countries: Germany, Britain, France, Italy, Hungary, Greece and Cyprus. It shows that there are in fact a wide variety of factors that shape individual member state attitudes towards enlargement. These factors include economic and commercial goals, ties to the region and to individual accession states, concerns over immigration, general foreign policy priorities and national ideological approaches towards the future shape and orientation of the European Union.