从先秦到两汉中国复仇伦理的转变

复仇行为的基础是西周以来的忠孝伦理观,复父之仇与复君之仇被认为是孝与忠的体现,因此受到表彰。先秦到两汉之际,中国的复仇伦理发生了重大的变化,开始由绝对主义向相对主义转变,国家本位代替了家族本位,强调忠高于孝,严禁向君主复仇。出现这种转变,是因为统一中央集权的建立,国家法制的逐渐完备,以及两汉经学争鸣的结果。     

中西绘画理法比较论

历史上形成的中国与西方两大绘画理法，分别渊源于各自的哲学与美学体系，它们之间具有鲜明的差异性。中国传统的“天人合一”的哲学观，决定了中国绘画崇尚“优美”，注重表达国家的主观精神和理想，艺术创作中遵循“以诗为法”、“以书为骨”的原则，力求在绘画中达到“气韵生动”的艺术效果，西方传统的“天人相胜”的哲学观，决定了西方绘画崇尚“壮美”，偏重描绘客观对象的外在形态，采用科学方法，塑造绘像的立体感，力求达到真实地再现客观世界的艺术效果。通过相互比较研究，有助于艺术家和鉴赏运用不同的艺术观念和方法，创造和鉴赏不同民族的绘画艺术，获得各不相同的思想启迪和审美享受，也有利于我们立足于本民族艺术之根，借鉴一切有益于我们民族艺术发展的外民族艺术，以创造我们新的艺术。     

人性:西方心理学的误区与中国文化的解读

西方心理学的人性误区源于西方科学对人性的分裂 ,西方科学又是西方文化的产物 ,因此 ,西方心理学自己无力解决其人性论问题。能够与西方文化互补的唯有中国文化。中国文化所蕴涵的丰富的人性论将有助于纠正西方心理学对人性的误读 ,从而提高现代心理学的科学性和理论性     

从西欧社会党重新得势看党的建设

西欧社会党是西欧政坛上“有影响力”的政党。西欧社会党重新得势对我们党的建设的启示是 :适应形势的变化 ,不断调整党的纲领与政策 ;争取各阶层群众的支持 ,不断巩固党的执政基础 ;扩大党际间的合作与交流 ,不断吸收和借鉴世界各政党的执政经验与教训 ;改革党的自身建设 ,不断增强党的吸引力、凝聚力和战斗力     

Origins of British Marxist Literary Theory

The present paper aims to make an objective assessment ofthe achievements made by the earliest British Marxist theorists and critics in the 1930s. It begins with an inquiry into the cultural and social roots for the lack of a profound Marxist intellectual tradition in Britain which was greatly responsible for the late emergence of British Marxist literary criticism. Then it is followed by an introductory analysis of the representative critical works from the hands of three famous Marxist critics of the period: Christopher Caudwell, Ralph Fox and Alick West. In the due course, it reveals their critical insights and theoretical originalities often neglected by some prominent critics and scholars of present day and points out their intellectual defects due to the limits of the time.     

抓机遇 练内功 谋发展

西部开发的战鼓擂响以后 ,各行各业都在考虑自己该怎么办的问题。渠县电力公司根据自己的实际情况 ,响亮地提出了 :“抓机遇 ,练内功 ,谋发展”的口号。他们除首先抓好内部建设 ,主要搞好领导班子建设 ,提高队伍素质外 ,提出了电力要当好西部开发先行官的要求和目标。     

Putting the Cart before the Horse : Statebuilding,Early Warning and the Irrationality of Bureaucratic Rationalization

Abstract

Despite the transition of a government from authoritarian to democratic rule, the root causes of civil war persist and require monitoring in a post-conflict phase. The collapse of the Arusha peace accord in Rwanda is a prime example of both the importance of early warning in statebuilding and the severe consequences of its failure. This article demonstrates that such a crucial interaction between the detection of warning signals and peacebuilding has been obstructed by intervening mechanisms in international organization. These are, principally, those of bureaucratic rationalization – drawing on Max Weber's views of bureaucratic universalism and institutional rationality (Zweckrationalität) – and Western normalization – which moralises intervention scenarios to fit self-images of the pursuit of ‘noble causes’, often detaching policy from the complex realities on the ground.     

Revisiting the Paris Declaration Agenda – an inclusive,realistic orientation for aid effectiveness

The progress in endeavours to achieve the commitments of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness has been slow. This paper explains the challenges faced by the aid effectiveness agenda and discusses why and how it needs to be revisited. In order to elucidate the differences in donors' approaches to aid effectiveness, a comparison is made between the UK and Japan, which leads to two suggestions. The main messages are that it is important to be inclusive of different donors, and to link the policy dialogue with reality on the ground.

Remanier l'ordre de jour de la Déclaration de Paris – une orientation inclusive et réaliste pour l'efficacité de l'aide

Le progrès des initiatives visant à atteindre les engagements de la Déclaration de Paris sur l'efficacité de l'aide a été lent. Ce document explique les défis auxquels se heurte l'ordre du jour de l'efficacité de l'aide et traite des raisons et des manières de le remanier. Afin de clarifier les différences d'approche de la part des bailleurs de fonds en matière d'efficacité de l'aide, une comparaison est faite entre le Royaume-Uni et le Japon qui aboutit à deux suggestions. Les principaux messages sont qu'il est important d'inclure différents bailleurs de fonds et de relier le dialogue au niveau des politiques générales avec la réalité sur le terrain.

Reexaminando a Agenda da Declaração de Paris – uma Orientação Inclusiva e Realista para a Efetividade da Ajuda

O avanço dos esforços para se chegar nos compromissos da Declaração de Paris sobre a Efetividade da Ajuda tem sido lento. Este artigo explica os desafios enfrentados pela agenda da efetividade da ajuda e discute por que e como isto precisa ser reexaminado. Para elucidar as diferenças nas abordagens dos doadores em relação é efetividade da ajuda, uma comparação é feita entre o Reino Unido e Japão, que leva a duas sugestões. As principais mensagens são que é importante ser inclusivo para atrair diferentes doadores e fazer a ligação entre o di´logo da polÚtica e a realidade na base.

Analizando de nuevo la Agenda de la Declaración de París – Una orientación incluyente y realista para la eficacia de la ayuda

Los avances en el cumplimiento de los compromisos asumidos en la Declaración de París sobre la Eficacia de la Ayuda han sido lentos. Este ensayo expone los retos que surgen de los compromisos relacionados con la eficacia de la ayuda y porqué y cómo deben replantearse. A fin de aclarar las diferencias que existen entre los donantes sobre la eficacia de la ayuda, el ensayo compara los casos de Reino Unido y Japón dando pie a dos sugerencias. Éstas tienen que ver con la importancia de incluir a distintos donantes y de vincular los diálogos sobre políticas con la realidad existente.     

Soviet conspiracy theories and political culture in Ukraine: Understanding Viktor Yanukovych and the Party of Regions

Conspiracy theories in Ukraine draw on inherited Soviet political culture and political technology imported from Russia where such ideas had gained ascendancy under President Vladimir Putin. Eastern Ukrainian and Russian elites believed that the US was behind the 2000 Serbian Bulldozer, 2003 Georgian Rose and 2004 Orange democratic revolutions. The Kuchmagate crisis, impending succession crisis, 2004 presidential elections and Orange Revolution – all of which took up most of Leonid Kuchma’s second term in office – were the first significant domestic threats to Ukraine’s new, post-communist ruling elites and in response Ukraine’s elites revived Soviet style theories of conspiracies and ideological tirades against the US and Ukrainian nationalism. Opposition candidate Viktor Yushchenko became the focal point against which the conspiracies and tirades were launched because his support base lay in ‘nationalist’ Western Ukraine and he has a Ukrainian-American spouse. The revival of Soviet style conspiracy theories has become important since Viktor Yanukovyc’s election as Ukrainian president in 2010 because this political culture permeates his administration, government and Party of Regions determining their worldview and influencing their domestic and foreign policies.     

Income inequality,development and electoral turnout – New evidence on a burgeoning debate

In this article, we comprehensively analyze the macro-level link between income inequality and electoral turnout. First, we re-examine prior studies which affirm that higher inequality puts a drain on electoral turnout in wealthy industrialized Western countries. Second, we evaluate whether there is an association between the two concepts in a larger, more representative sample of democratic elections around the world. Third, we analyze if income inequality has a different influence on participation in the Western and non-Western countries. Controlling for nine theoretically informed covariates, we assess these claims in a multilevel framework with evidence from more than 550 democratic elections between 1970 and 2010. We find little evidence that electoral turnout is affected by income inequality. Our results also indicate that this “null” effect does not differ between the Western- and the non-Western world. However, we do find evidence that mandatory voting laws and more decisive elections boost turnout considerably.