现代辩护制度的宪政根基与实证考察

宪政的本质是对国家权力的限制,以保障个人的基本权利。人的基本权利通过宪法和法律来表达,也需要宪法和法律予以保障。在限制和剥夺人的基本权利的种种方式中,刑事惩罚最为严重。因此,一方面,在宪法上明确个人基本权利的同时,需要设定无罪推定等保障机制,奠定辩护权的根基,另一方面,需要在刑事诉讼法中规定辩护权的具体行使方式,保障辩护权的行使效果。在现代宪政国家,辩护制度在宪法和刑事诉讼法中力求良性互动。因此,我国辩护制度的完善,不能局限于刑事诉讼法,还必须关注宪政化进程。     

An Ecological Study of Nonresidential Services for Battered Women Within a Comprehensive Community Protocol for Domestic Violence

This paper is an ecological study of services provided to 392 battered women under a comprehensive domestic violence protocol. It focuses on microsystemic interactions between battered women and battered women's services and legal systems. We examine the relationships between women's receipt of services from a battered women's agency, receipt of protective orders, and completion of prosecution of batterers. We also explore the associations between women's receipt of services and protective orders and their partners' subsequent arrests and police contacts. We use open-ended interviews with battered women and with staff of the battered women's agency to expand and illustrate the quantitative data. The analysis shows that when a woman received battered women's services or had a protective order, a completed court case was more likely and numbers of arrests rose. We found that these associations were strongest when women received both battered women's services and at least one protective order.     

De l'usage des sciences cognitives dans l'analyse des politiques publiques

Depuis les années 1980 les approches cognitives des politiques publiques rencontrent un grand succès. Nous nous interrogeons ici sur leur contenu en le confrontant à la cognition telle que la pensent les sciences du même nom (principalement ici la psychologie cognitive) qualifiée de cognition forte. Après avoir défini trois types d'intégration des sciences cognitives aux sciences sociales (terminologique, méthodologique et théorique), nous cherchons à classer plusieurs approches de politiques publiques en fonction de notre taxinomie. Nous observons que dans la majorité des cas, les références à la cognition ne visent pas à transférer une théorie d'une discipline à l'autre. La cognition étudiée par les analyses des politiques publiques est le plus souvent une cognition faible, sauf exceptions. Nous concluons en examinant les enjeux épistémologiques soulevés par ces dernières et tâchons d'avancer quelques pistes pour expliquer ce phénomène.     

Asylum Seekers Along the U.S.-Canada Border

Abstract

Given the large numbers of people fleeing their homelands, social workers are likely to encounter refugees from all over the world. Although the social work profession has a mandate to work with disenfranchised populations, limited attention has been paid to providing services to refugees. Residents of the largest refugee shelter in the U.S. were interviewed about their claims. These findings can help social workers understand the situations refugees come from as well as processes they go through in applying for legal status. With this information, it is possible to identify roles social workers can play with this vulnerable population.     

Comparing the Politics of Hydraulic Fracturing in New York,Colorado, and Texas

The purpose of this article is to analyze perceptions and activities of policy actors, who are actively involved in or knowledgeable about the politics of hydraulic fracturing in New York, Colorado, and Texas. The analysis is guided by research questions drawn from the Advocacy Coalition Framework that focus on policy actors’ policy positions, problem perceptions, political capacity, activities, and interactions. In doing so, we examine the differences between those policy actors who are opposed to hydraulic fracturing relative to those who support hydraulic fracturing across the three states using data from online surveys administered in 2013 and 2014. The results show polarization between opponents and proponents in their policy positions on hydraulic fracturing, which are associated with problem perceptions. Proponents and opponents of hydraulic fracturing also have different capacities, activities, and interactions. The results are similar across states but not without nuanced differences, including greater polarization in New York, higher levels of government support for proponents of hydraulic fracturing in Texas, and more frequent coalition building in Colorado.     

The advocacy coalition framework in Japan: Contributions to policy process studies and the challenges involved

The advocacy coalition framework (ACF), a unified framework for understanding the policy process, has been applied in various countries and regions; however, there are few contributions from Japan, despite seemingly favorable conditions for applying it. An exploration of what hinders ACF applications in Japan is worthwhile for developing the ACF as a framework for comparative policy process studies across various social and political settings. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review previous Japanese ACF studies. Our review found that Japanese ACF studies are fewer in number, have less coverage of policy fields, and have less methodological diversity and transparency than international trends. While most of the Japanese ACF studies supported the basic hypotheses of the ACF, we found a need to refine some hypotheses and research methods of the ACF studies. We also discuss the background factors in the inactivity of ACF studies in Japan and suggest solutions for it.     

我国民众名誉权感知度的实证研究与完善——以辽宁省海城地区为调研对象

名誉权关涉个人的精神满足和人格尊严而受到法律的保护,有关其法律认同的形成与认知度密切相关,实践中人们主要通过媒体宣传了解名誉权,对于其有一定认识,不趋向于选择诉讼的方式维护自己的名誉权,更注重精神损害的补偿,从道德角度去判断死者名誉权、法人名誉权以及新闻自由与名誉权冲突问题。反映出名誉权的总体认知多来自道德判断,名誉权具体法律规定认识模糊,救济上趋向选择非诉讼方式,不同学历的居民认知程度有所差异的问题。而产生问题的原因主要是关于名誉权的法律知识图式尚未形成、立法缺乏体系性、权利认识上存在偏差及法律宣传方式单一。由此,可通过建立名誉权法律保护体系、培养社会成员正确的权利意识以及建立多元化的法律宣传方式来提高名誉权认知度。