从原创性的案例法发展看原创性之内涵

美国原创性的案例法构成了其原创性法律制度的有机组成部分。Burrow-G iles案强调原创性的作品是智力创造的产物,是思想和观念的表现;B leistein案建立了原创性判断的个性理论和"美学不歧视原则;"A lfred案确认并适用了B leistein案有关原创性的判断标准,即考察作品中是否显现出作者的个性;Gracen案确认了演绎作品的原创性标准,即演绎作品同原作品之间存在实质性的区别;Feist案具有重大意义,确认原创性是一项宪法性的要求,否定了额头出汗原则,确定原创性的含义是独立创作加最低限度的创造性,确立了汇编作品的原创性标准,即汇编作品在事实的选择、协调或编排方面是否具备最低限度的创造性。     

Managing commercial risks in open source software licensing

Legal context: The article reviews the commercial risk allocation clauses intypical open source licence terms and discusses their enforceabilityand implications. Key points: The enforceability of warranty disclaimers and limitation ofliability clauses in common open source licence terms is questionable,particularly in a cross-border context, and commercial licensorsshould take additional steps to protect themselves from down-streamrisks. Practical significance: Open source software presents a number of unusual commercialissues, because it is available free of charge and the providerstry to disclaim warranties and liabilities. End users and resellershave to adjust their own in- and out-licensing models to accommodatethis situation.     

机关犯罪立法之反思

1997年刑法典把国家机关规定为犯罪主体,是立法者在积极政治观指导下高估立法能力和司法能力的产物。从消极政治观、刑法的谦抑性以及机关犯罪本身的内在缺陷等方面来看,应取消机关犯罪,把机关排除在犯罪主题之外。     

“It's Like Fighting for Survival”: How Rejected Black African Asylum Seekers Experience Living Conditions in an Eastern German State

This article explores how Black African asylum seekers in an eastern German state experienced living conditions and the forms of agency they exhibited to redress the stressful circumstances of everyday life. The article draws on 12 in-depth interviews with rejected Black African asylum seekers and ethnographic research. Participants experienced various socio-environmental stressors and the absence of resources that affected their well-being and were injurious to their human rights. Their responses were embedded in different practices tied to the accumulation of capital that buffered stress and contested repressive asylum laws. The implications of the study for policy and advocacy are discussed.     

Conceptualising corporate community development

Globally there is an increasing focus on the private sector as a significant development actor. One element of the private sector’s role emphasised within this new focus has been corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, whereby the private sector claims to contribute directly to local development. There is now a substantial body of work on CSR but it is a literature that is mostly polarised, dominated by concerns from the corporate perspective, and not adequately theorised. Corporations typically do development differently from NGOs and donors, yet the nature and effects of these initiatives are both under-researched and under-conceptualised. In this paper we argue that viewing CSR initiatives through a community development lens provides new insights into their rationale and effects. Specifically we develop a conceptual framework that draws together agency and practice-centred approaches in order to illuminate the processes and relationships that underpin corporate community development initiatives.     

欠发达地区工业园区的产权经营创新

发达地区产业竞争园区,欠发达地区园区竞争产业。欠发达地区的产业要素累积单薄,园区竞争产业处于不利境地,制度创新成为唯一出路。文章从企业的契约性质角度,讨论了园区产权创造的价值基础,提出了园区产权创造的制度条件,分析了园区产权经营的复杂性,探讨了园区产权效率经营的制度安排。为欠发达地区工业园区产权经营政策创新提供借签。     

中国特色社会主义文化自觉及其实现路径

中国特色社会主义文化自觉,是对中国特色社会主义文化的自我觉醒、自我反省和自我创建,其主体包括:知识分子、党和政府工作人员、普通大众等。增强文化自觉是适应文化全球化、维护国家文化安全的需要,是实现全面建成小康社会及中华民族伟大复兴目标的需要。文化反思和文化创建是实现文化自觉的路径。要在文化的反思中,巩固主流文化的领导地位,落实文化"引进来"和"走出去"战略方针,建设中国特色社会主义文化。     

人工智能对就业的影响：创造还是破坏？

近年来人工智能迅速发展,但其对就业不仅会产生创造效应,也会产生破坏效应。研究利用2008—2016年中国省级面板数据,探索在智能物质资本投入影响下不同地区和不同技能水平劳动力的需求变化,分析人工智能通过创造效应和破坏效应对我国劳动力就业的影响和作用方向。研究发现：人工智能对不同技能水平劳动力的就业影响方向不同,存在“两极化”趋势;产业结构升级将在一定程度上进一步加剧人工智能对就业“两极化”发展的影响;人工智能对不同地区的不同技能水平的劳动力有差异性影响。研究建议,应进一步加强教育培训,优化产业结构,完善社会福利,以应对人工智能的破坏效应,促进劳动力市场的稳定。     

电子商务、电子商法与国际私法的哲学创新

电子商务是指在以Internet为主的各种电子信息网络上所进行的经济和商业活动。作为一门新兴部门法,电子商法具有宏观的视野和开放的结构。在网络空间中,法律冲突将为法律反应逐步取代,传统的国际私法面临着哲学的创新挑战。