金融消费者知情权保护的法经济分析

知情权是消费者权利体系的前提与基础,而金融消费的专业性及复杂性,使得金融消费者的信息弱势状态强于普通消费者.在我国,权利初始配置不合理、运行保障缺位等制度缺陷,导致金融机构侵权损害成本社会化.后金融危机时代,一个理想的出路应是倚重金融法治与金融监管,构筑有效的法律激励机制,以降低侵权损害成本.     

The post-Lisbon high representatives: an introduction

ABSTRACT

The Lisbon Treaty recently celebrated its 10th anniversary. The 2009 legal text was an attempt to enhance the unity, consistency and effectiveness of the EU’s action in an increasingly volatile world. And yet, the post-Lisbon time period has been characterised by multiple crises coming from the West, the East, the South, and even from within the EU. Against this backdrop, our Special Issue makes a systematic assessment of the EU's foreign policy post-Lisbon and of its evolution by focusing on the role of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR/VP). Assessing the post-Lisbon HR/VPs provides important insights on EU foreign policy processes over the past decade. In this introduction, we discuss the three research questions that guide our collection of articles, as well as our theoretical and empirical contribution to existing scholarly literature.     

Crucial Factors in Implementing Radical Policy Change: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Nordic Central Agency Relocation Programs

Abstract

Why do public policies succeed or fail? The aim of this article is to contribute to answering this enduring research question in policy research through a comparative study of the variable efforts by Nordic governments to relocate their central agencies from the capital regions over a period of several decades. This was a radical redistributive policy program premised on a policy instrument – coercion – which was very alien to political systems characterized as consensual democracies. Hence, it is no surprise that only two out of seven relocation programs of any substance were successful. The really intriguing research question here is how any relocation program was achievable at all in a policy context where this was very unlikely. A broadly based multi-theoretical analytical framework linking interest groups, institutions, human agency in the form of policy entrepreneurship/design and situational factors is employed to solve this research puzzle. Findings from this study offer important contributions to the following research fields: comparative public policy, radical policy change and most specifically the so-called third generation of public policy implementation research.     

Pathways to urban citizenship for low-income migrants in São Paulo

Recent waves of migrants are establishing an increasingly visible presence in the urban landscape of São Paulo, both in its centre and its peripheries. Though a city with a rich history of immigration and diversity, the arrival of migrants in recent decades has not been accompanied by specific municipal policies for the migrant population, an absence which affects in particular, low-income migrants. Urban social movements for migration take on the role of attempting to govern migration in the city by providing everyday support to migrants as well as mobilising them as a political group to demand changes on both national and municipal scales; yet these movements have limitations. The paper thus also highlights the agency of migrants in accessing their rights through empowering micro-level social networks and through individual negotiations with legal possibilities. Drawing on examples of institutional, activist and migrant practices in addressing questions of inclusion and exclusion in the city, the paper will trace the multiple and still fragmented ways of articulating rights and developing a sense of urban citizenship as newer waves of migrants join the urban landscape of São Paulo.     

Lived citizenship as the locus of political agency in participatory policy

Participatory policies seeking to foster active citizenship continue to be dominated by a territorial imagination. Yet, the world where people identify and perform as citizens is spatially multifarious. This article engages with the tension between territorially grounded perceptions and relational modes of practicing political agency. Studying empirically the Finnish child and youth policies, we address jointly the participatory obligations that municipalities strive to fulfill, and the spatial attachments that children and young people establish in their lived worlds. To this end, we introduce the concept of lived citizenship as an interface where the territorially-bound public administration and the plurality of spatial attachments characteristic to transnational living may meet. We conclude by proposing a re-grounding of lived citizenship in both topological and topographical terms as an improvement in theoretical understanding of mundane political agency and as a step towards more proficient participatory policies.     

由一则案例评析表见代理的适用

表见代理制度的建立,必须以善意为基础,是以牺牲本人的利益为代价而维护交易安全。表见代理是无权代理的例外,是一种特殊的有权代理。表见代理不能够轻率地被认定成立,否则,将会破坏交易安全。表见代理的成立不以本人有过失为要件。适用表见代理制度,关键是确定相对人相信行为人有代理权之理由是否成立、理由是否充分。法官如何判断相对人有理由,应当综合考虑当事人订立合同的目的、合同基础、交易对价、交易规则和交易习惯、相对人的审查义务等多种因素予以分析认定。必须要衡量相对人订立合同时的主观状态,有没有过失,是不是善意。     

大学章程的框架体系、治理结构、制度要素与生成机制——基于十所高校章程的文本比较

大学章程通常应当包含序言、总则、学校功能与教育形式、办学活动、管理体制与运行机制、教职员工、学生和校友、经费资产与财务管理、举办者与学校的关系以及学校的权利义务、外部关系、学校标志,以及附则等内容,由此形成大学章程的框架体系。大学章程确立大学的治理结构,包括纵向和横向两个方面,涉及学校党委（党委会、纪委）、学校行政（校长）、学术机构（学术委员会、学位委员会等）、教授／教职员工（教授会议、教职工代表大会）和群团组织之间的关系,以及学校与教学科研单位的“校一院（系）”两级或“校一学部一院（系）三级关系。与大学治理基本格局相匹配,大学内部的治理制度主要包括：大学法人制度、党委领导下的校长负责制、教授治学制度、民主管理制度、学院管理制度、教师管理制度、学生管理制度,等等。大学制定章程并依章治校是当前大学管理制度改革的重大课题,明确大学立章体制具有重要的现实意义。现阶段大学章程理想的生成机制可以设想为：学校专门成立章程起草委员会,形成学校章程草案,面向师生员工公布草案征集意见,党委会或者党政联席会议、校长办公会等对章程进行审议和审定,校长提交教职工代表大会审议通过,报教育行政主管部门备案。     

中国信用评级机构独立性探索——以上海国际金融中心建设为背景

信用评级机构是上海国际金融中心建设的一块重要内容,但是目前信用评级机构独立性不强是最主要的问题。原因来自三个方面：信用评级机构的形成和发展受制于行政力量,发行人付费的模式存在不合理之处以及信用评级市场受控于美资。针对上述原因,在构建信用评级机构独立性框架时,建议中央政府以上海为试点。整合国内信用评级市场、改变监管模式、组建自律机构、遏制外国资本对中国市场的渗透,同时完善以中国人民银行为主体的信用数据库。设立入门考试等制度。     

知识产权案件代理难点问题之我见

知识产权案件具有特殊性.在代理知识产权案件时,除了与一般的民事案件要经历相同的程序外,还有一些难点问题需要特别注意.知识产权案件专业性都比较强,接受委托要慎重;代理原告一方时作好起诉前的准备工作一定程度上解决了起诉方面临的难点问题;代理被告一方时作好应诉的准备解决了应诉的难题;知识产权案件庭审时紧围焦点,从容应对解决了开庭审理时的难点问题.     

国外大部制梳理与借鉴

大部制是市场经济发达国家普遍采用的一种政府组织模式。与传统的"小部制"相比,大部制具有明显的比较优势。国外组建大部门的一般规律是,先在同领域整合,后向跨领域整合扩展;政务类部门多为同领域的大部,经济和社会类部门多为跨领域的大部;谁与谁组合无一定之规,关键是职能相互融合。部门内部的机构重组也是大部制改革的重要内容,国外的流行趋势是实行决策与执行分开,设立各种形式的执行机构,具体可分为5种模式。