试论建筑作品著作权的保护

现代建筑已经不仅仅是住所,而是凝结了设计者思想的作品,这种体现了建筑设计者独有艺术创造的作品在著作权法上被称为建筑作品,我国在2001年新修订的《著作权法》中明确将建筑作品包括在作品的范围内。文章通过建筑工程领域的复杂法律关系,理清建筑作品著作权的主体,着重分析了建筑作品著作人身权和财产权的特殊行使,已达到更深入的对权利人的理解和保护。     

东北亚民族主义与地区安全格局

民族主义是影响地区安全的重要变量,甚至可以改变地区安全格局,研究并协调民族主义与安全格局的关系对于维护地区安全意义重大。在东北亚的地区安全格局中,以中、日、韩三国为代表的地区民族主义一直是困扰区域安全的重要因素,了解民族主义与地区安全之间的关系成为把握地区安全走向的关键。然而,民族主义内涵的不确定性阻碍了对这一问题的分析。所以,从民族情感出发,梳理民族主义的成长历程及相互关系,是理解东北亚民族主义现状的直接办法。在此基础上,明晰民族主义与地区安全问题的互动,进一步清晰民族主义在安全格局中的作用,才能为应对安全挑战奠定基础。另外,随着时代的发展,既有的静态分析民族主义与安全格局关系的方法已经不能完全满足现实需要,必然要以动态-进程的分析方法予以补充。这一分析方法,在论证民族主义与“安全困境”、安全格局、安全架构之间关系的过程中,体现出明显的优势,并可以说明安全架构理念能够从宏观、连续、整体的角度驾驭地区安全和民族主义,从而确定新视角下的东北亚民族主义与安全格局的关系。新的研究方法在对地区安全进展做出判断的同时,也不断发现新的问题和挑战。     

Legal aspects of managing Big Data

Big Data is shorthand for the currently rapidly evolving techniques of gathering and analysing for competitive advantage vast unstructured and structured sets of digital data. Big Data is currently at an early stage of development, but many organisations will be embarking on Big Data projects in the next couple of years in order to be in a position to know more about their customers than their competitors. Central to the success of these projects will be four critical factors: (i) understanding the legal framework for Big Data and how it applies to the organisation concerned; (ii) effectively bringing together the organisation's IT and legal functions in the Big Data project; (iii) a clear understanding of the organisation's objectives for its Big Data operations; and (iv) a structured approach to the strategy, policy and process aspects of Big Data governance.     

Foam architecture: managing co-isolated associations

Abstract

This article analyses Peter Sloterdijk's grand trilogy on spheres which re-conceptualizes our being-together and its spatial conditions. After a brief outline of the main objectives of sphereology, I analyse the notion of foam which, Sloterdijk argues, should replace the concept of society. I here explore the sociological theories that form the backdrop to Sloterdijk's idea of foam sociality, in particular Gabriel Tarde's monadological sociology of imitation but also the vitalist impulse that is central to the immunology of the foam theory, and which Sloterdijk inherits from Hermann Broch. The following section examines one of the important contributions of the foam theory, namely, its explicit engagement with architecture. In the final part, I offer a foam-theoretical interpretation of environmental crime prevention. This case study brings together foam theory, immunology and the focus on architecture.     

健全和规范宁夏有形建筑市场的探讨

加快推进有形建筑市场发育是我国建设工程领域的一项重大改革和有益尝试。本文以宁夏有形建筑市场近十年的发展实践为例，考察宁夏有形建筑市场的实际状态，对宁夏有形建筑市场的发展历程以及功能发挥进行分析，探讨其在管理体制、职能定位、运行模式、服务功能、设施建设等诸多方面的现状及特点。     

‘It’s a dead place’: A qualitative exploration of violence survivors’ perceptions of justice architecture

Each year, thousands of victims of violence enter the Canadian criminal justice system and, by extension, justice buildings, such as police stations and courthouses. The architecture and design of these buildings communicate symbolic messages about justice and may influence the emotions, behaviors, and well-being of survivors. This qualitative study explored survivors’ emotional experiences with justice architecture. Findings reveal that survivors experience justice architecture as cold and hard; a facilitator of feelings of insignificance; lacking in privacy and; representative of their raw emotional state. The author discusses implications of these findings for victim engagement in the context of justice spaces.     

Modernizing the Estonian Farmhouse,Redefining the Family, 1880s–1930s

In the nineteenth century, the transition from a Baltic-German-controlled manor-and-serf economy to individually owned farmsteads transformed all aspects of life including the spatial organization and form of farmhouses in the western provinces of Tsarist Russia. Agricultural experts and social reformers discussed how to update the traditional threshing-room dwelling house (rehielamu) into a healthy dwelling for successful farmers and, after the Estonian War of Independence, for new settlers. Using material culture such as contemporary plans, I show that changing household relationships, in addition to economic and technological factors, helped to transform the ancient rehielamu into a modern dwelling.     

Framing policies to mobilize citizens' behavior during a crisis: Examining the effects of positive and negative vaccination incentivizing policies

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the issue of mobilization policies, that is, government practices directed at making the mass public voluntarily perform various behaviors for the collective benefit during a crisis. As COVID-19 vaccinations became accessible, governments faced the challenge of mass vaccination mobilization in order to achieve herd immunization. Aiming to effectively realize this goal, policy designers and regulators worldwide considered various mobilizing tools for vaccination compliance, including rewards and penalties, as they targeted vaccine opposers and hesitators, while trying to avoid the crowding-out effect among individuals who were intrinsically motivated to get vaccinated. However, the unique circumstances of the Coronavirus pandemic may have eliminated the crowding-out effect. Thus, our study explored the effect of regulation in the form of positive and negative incentivizing tools (i.e., rewards and penalties) during the coronavirus pandemic on vaccination intentions of 1184 Israeli citizens, prior to the national vaccination campaign. Results indicate that (1) both negative and positive incentives have a similar positive effect on individuals who declare they will not get vaccinated and those who hesitate to get the shot; (2) both positive and negative incentives induce the crowding-out effect; and (3) negative incentives generate a larger crowding-out effect in individuals who report preliminary intentions to get vaccinated, compared to positive ones. This emphasizes the need to avoid the crowding-out effect during the current and similar crises, and suggests considering applying a gradual and adaptive policy design in order to maximize regulatory efficacy and compliance.     

On slaves and beer: the first images of the South Sea Company slave market in Buenos Aires

Images of the Retiro slave market in Buenos Aires had never been seen previously and the possibility of excavating the site has long gone. The discovery of etchings of the underground cellars in 2010 of the Bieckert Brewery, which occupied the site years later, has made it possible to see the nature of the market and understand the functioning of the construction that preceded the brewery. This market was unique in the city in that it functioned almost underground. The issue of the presence of the African population in Buenos Aires has had a great impact on archaeology. All information regarding the black population's material culture and architectural places, whether made by them or for them, is important; such is the case here of accessing a system of vaulted subterranean constructions quite different from the city's other architecture.     

Key-hiding on the ARM platform

To combat the problem of encryption key recovery from main memory using cold boot-attacks, various solutions has been suggested, but most of these have been implemented on the x86 architecture, which is not prevalent in the smartphone market, where instead ARM dominates.One existing solution does exist for the ARM architecture but it is limited to key sizes of 128 bits due to not being able to utilise the full width of the CPU registers used for key storage. We developed a test-implementation of CPU-bound key storage with 256-bit capacity, without using more hardware resources than the previous solution. We also show that access to the key can be restricted for programs executing outside the kernel space.