武汉地区汉族人群CSF1PO座位多态性分析

应用Ｙｏｓｈｉｄａ设计的ＣＳＦ１ＰＯ新引物对武汉地区３１２例汉族个体作了分型调查,获得了武汉地区汉族人ＣＳＦ１ＰＯ座位的基因频率资料。与Ｈａｍｍｏｎｄ等提出的传统引物扩增效果相比较,本文所选用的引物更适用于法医检案,尤其对严重降解ＤＮＡ材料的分型效果有明显的优越性     

The Sinicized self: prejudice,epistemology and Uyghur perceptions of their bodies

ABSTRACT

The ‘Sinicization’ of the Uyghur world – that is, the pervasive progression of Chinese influence into it – is a familiar topic of both Uyghur complaint and academic writing on Xinjiang. In this article, I discuss the striking appearance of this same motif in reference to the Sinicization of the physical Uyghur body, and use this example to argue that the communally enforced moral separation of the Uyghur from the Chinese, and the particular understanding of history that underpins this, have epistemological consequences for how the Uyghur people see themselves and the world.     

Quangos与澳门政府自治机构：兼与香港比较

在西方国家除了政府部门架构以外，而同样提供公共服务的其它所有组织类别，都普遍被通称为“quangos”（quasi-autonomous nongovernmental organizations），即半自主非官方机构。据文菲尔（Sandra Van Thiel），quangos是“被赋予执行一个或多个公共政策为其主要任务的一些组织，它们由公帑支持但运作上与政府保持距离，且与部长或主管部门并无上下层级关系”。自治机构的建制在澳门回归前已存在，乃前宗主国葡萄牙由本土引入，是quangos的一种。本文将从其法律地位主要是独立法人组织、内部管理架构、人员组成、经费来源、职权及监察几个大的范畴详细分析这些自治机构，并与香港类似组织作出比较。     

Odor analysis of decomposing buried human remains

This study, conducted at the University of Tennessee's Anthropological Research Facility (ARF), lists and ranks the primary chemical constituents which define the odor of decomposition of human remains as detected at the soil surface of shallow burial sites. Triple sorbent traps were used to collect air samples in the field and revealed eight major classes of chemicals which now contain 478 specific volatile compounds associated with burial decomposition. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and were collected below and above the body, and at the soil surface of 1.5-3.5 ft. (0.46-1.07 m) deep burial sites of four individuals over a 4-year time span. New data were incorporated into the previously established Decompositional Odor Analysis (DOA) Database providing identification, chemical trends, and semi-quantitation of chemicals for evaluation. This research identifies the "odor signatures" unique to the decomposition of buried human remains with projected ramifications on human remains detection canine training procedures and in the development of field portable analytical instruments which can be used to locate human remains in shallow burial sites.     

论合同法中的混合性规范

合同法中某些法律条文确立的法律规则所协调的利益关系,处于双重状态：即有时涉及到交易关系背景下民事主体之间的利益关系,有时则涉及到交易关系背景下民事主体的利益与社会公共利益之间的关系。与这种类型法律规则相对应的,就是混合性规范。所谓混合性规范,即有时发挥补充性任意性规范的功能,有时发挥强制性规范功能的法律规范。     

Bacterial Profiling of Soil Using Genus‐Specific Markers and Multidimensional Scaling*

Abstract: Forensic identification of soil based on microbial DNA fingerprinting has met with mixed success, with research efforts rarely considering temporal variability or local heterogeneity in soil’s microbial makeup. In the research presented, the nitrogen fixing bacteria rhizobia were specifically examined. Soils were collected monthly from five habitats for 1 year, and quarterly in each cardinal direction from the main collection site. When all habitats were compared simultaneously using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis of the rhizobial recA gene and multidimensional scaling, only two were differentiated over a year’s time, however pairwise comparisons allowed four of five soils to be effectively differentiated. Adding in 10‐foot distant soils as “questioned” samples correctly grouped them in 40–70% of cases, depending on restriction enzyme used. The results indicate that the technique has potential for forensic soil identification, although extensive anthropogenic manipulation of a soil makes such identification much more tentative.     

政治运行机制与中国政治运行机制

政治运行机制即政治主体的权力配置及其运行过程。中国政治运行机制的目标模式是建构政党、国家、社会团体、经济文化组织和中央、地方、基层单位、公民个人这样纵横四位一体的政治运行机制。     

Identification of Acer rubrum using amplified fragment length polymorphism

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of botanical forensic evidence provides a means of obtaining a reproducible DNA profile in a relatively short period of time in species for which no sequence information is available. AFLP profiles were obtained for 40 Acer rubrum trees. Leaf material from five additional species was also typed. Genomic DNA was isolated using the DNeasy Plant Miniprep Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), double-digested by two restriction endonucleases (EcoRI and MseI) and ligated to oligonucleotide adapters. Two consecutive PCR reactions (pre-amplification and selective amplification) were performed using a modification of the AFLP protocol described by Gibco (Invitrogen, Rockville, MD). The DNA fragments were separated by capillary electrophoresis using the CEQ 8000 DNA Fragment Analyzer. A number of Acer rubrum species-specific peaks were identified. In addition, within this closed set of samples, 15 of 16 (93.8%) blind samples were correctly identified. AFLP data can be used to determine the species of botanical evidence or to associate a sample to a source. This information can be used in forensic investigations to link a piece of evidence with a particular location or suspect.     

Genetic variation in hemp and marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) according to amplified fragment length polymorphisms

Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) is one of the earliest known cultivated plants and is important in the global economy today as a licit and an illicit crop. Molecular markers distinguishing licit and illicit cultivars have forensic utility, but no direct comparison of hemp and marijuana amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) has been made to date. Genetic variation was surveyed in three populations of fiber hemp and a potent cultivar of marijuana using AFLP markers. Ten primer pairs yielded 1206 bands, of which 88% were polymorphic. Eighteen bands represented fixed differences between all fiber populations and the drug cultivar. These markers have practical utility for (1) establishing conspiracy in the cultivation and distribution of marijuana, (2) identifying geographic sources of seized drugs, and (3) discriminating illegal, potent marijuana cultivars from hemp where the cultivation of industrial hemp is permitted.     

人类mtDNA控制区异质性

目的观察mtDNA的点突变异质性和长度异质性。方法运用直接测序法对50名无关个体及16名母系家族成员的血液、口腔上皮细胞、头发的mtDNAHVI、HVII区序列进行分析,并对20例HVI区直接测序失败的无关个体进行克隆后测序分析。结果同一个体的三种检材样本及16名母系家族成员的序列一致,未见异质性存在;同一个体的不同克隆的C延伸区的长度有差异,存在长度异质性。但同一个体的血液和头发具有相似的长度变异类型,即长度异质性在组织间无差异。结论mtDNA碱基序列具有同质性及稳定性,适用于法医学检案。