PCR-RFLP法分析北方汉族人群HLA-B基因多态性

目的建立以PCR-RFLP法分析HLA-B基因多态性的方法,并对105名北方汉族人群酶切片段类型、频率进行调查,为其法医学应用奠定基础。方法酚/氯仿抽提法抽提样本DNA;PCR扩增HLA-B基因的外显子2,3;NlaIII酶切PCR产物;聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染技术检测酶切结果;DNA测序确认酶切位点。结果HLA-B特异性扩增片段长度为943bp,以NlaIII酶进行酶切时在北方汉族人群中获得了14条片段,20种谱带类型,观察到了6个酶切位点。结论仅应用一种内切酶对HLA-B基因进行PCR-RFLP分析即可获得多条片段,多态信息含量大大提高,该法可以应用于法医学亲子鉴定和个人识别等。     

利用牙齿长度的增长量推断死亡年龄

牙齿由于形成条件的特殊性和颚骨的保护作用 ,因而具有很好的防腐性和抗降解性。因此 ,可以利用牙齿长度来推断青、幼年人的死亡年龄。即通过重复测量 10 0颗牙齿 ,利用数理统计的方法 ,推导出牙齿长度与年龄的回归方程。然后 ,将现场提取的孤立牙齿的长度值与种类代入该方程 ,便可推算出死亡年龄。     

SEM/EDAX检测内脏异物元素成分诊断溺死

为探讨溺死诊断的依据和推断入水地点，用扫描电镜／X－射线谱仪（SEM／EDAX）检测19例溺死尸体及28只溺死兔的肺、肾、心、肝等组织异物颗粒及其元素成分和含量，并以陆地上死亡尸体14具及8只陆地上勒死兔（2只勒死后入水浸泡6天）作实验对照。结果发现，19例溺死尸体及28只溺死兔的肺边缘区呼吸性细支气管、肺泡管、肺泡囊及肺泡内均可见高能谱值的异物颗粒，其大小自数微米至数十微米不等，多为无定形异物颗粒或细小异物颗粒集落。其中元素成分为硅、铝、钙、铁、铬、钛、钼、铅、锡、铜、溴等，与入水地点溺液中所含元素成分相同；肾、心、肝组织异物颗粒检出率分别为77％、53％及47％，数量较少，颗粒较小，大小自1微米以下至十数微米。非溺死尸体及实验兔的肺、肾、心、肝组织未检出或偶尔检出异物颗粒，其元素成分多为铁、钙或硅等，可能是病理及生理性异物颗粒，如含铁血黄素、钙化灶等。用SEM／EDAX检测水中尸体组织中异物颗粒及其元素成分和含量，可以诊断溺死，推断入水区域，为明确案件性质和确定侦察范围提供科学依据。     

pMCT118位点扩增片段长度多态性及其应用

本文报道了对98例中国人 pMCT118位点扩增片段长度多态性的等位基因频率调查及有关法医生物物证检验问题的研究。用多聚酶链反应、小型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染方法,在12h 内检测低至1ngDNA 的 pMCT118位点扩增片段长度多态性。已发现22个等位基因,大小分布在340～780bp 之间,基因频率为0.005～0.3,杂合度为79%。对6个家系22名相关个体的分析符合孟德尔定律。探讨了微量检材样品制备和对混合斑、单根毛囊、唾液等生物检材的法医应用。对20个实际案例进行了检验。     

关于身高的分析

文章以身高分析原理为基础,列举了足迹检验中身高分析的常用方法,结合办案经验对公式运用、计算结果的准确性、误差产生原因进行论述,给出身高分析方法的改进意见。     

“买断工龄”的法律规制探讨

"买断工龄"是因企业改制或企业资产发生重大变化而导致的劳动关系的解除。其有劳动法的依据,但其规定过于笼统,从而导致"买断工龄"侵犯职工合法权益,有必要进行立法。在立法方面,应当针对包括国有企业在内的企业改制或企业资产发生重大变化而导致的劳动关系的解除进行规制,保证程序公正,赋予职工集体谈判权,把"买断工龄"争议纳入劳动仲裁和诉讼解决的轨道,加强政府责任。     

死后小鼠脑组织细胞核DNA变化规律的研究

目的研究DNA降解变化与死亡时间的关系,为法医学推断死亡时间提供一种比较准确可靠的新方法。方法应用单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）技术结合荧光显微镜和专业的计算机图像分析技术,测定了111只小鼠在死后72h内不同时间点小鼠脑组织细胞核头半径（HeadRadius,HR）、尾长度（Tail Length,TL）、头DNA（HeadDNA）含量比例、尾DNA（Tail DNA）含量比例、尾矩（Tail Moment,TM）、Olive矩（Olive Moment,OM）、头面积（Head Area,HA）、尾面积（Tail Area,TA）8项参数的变化值。结果在个体死亡72h内,测定的8项参数指标中尾DNA含量比例、彗星尾长、尾矩、Olive矩、尾面积都呈增加趋势,头半径,头DNA含量比例,头面积均呈下降趋势。上述参数均与死亡时间具有高度的相关性。并将每个参数的测量值进行了多项式运算,获得了更能体现DNA降解趋势的二项式回归方程（P〈0．001）和多元回归方程（P〈0．001）,均具有高度的统计学意义。结论应用本研究提供的72h内脑组织DNA变化与死亡时间之间呈线性关系的各组回归方程,为法医学推断死后经过时间提供了一种新的、客观的、精确的方法和参考依据。     

The data protection framework decision of 27 November 2008 regarding police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters – A modest achievement however not the improvement some have hoped for

After more than three years in the making, that have witnessed much controversy, several working texts and at least two altogether different versions, the Data Protection Framework Decision “on the protection of personal data processed in the framework of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters” (hereafter, the DPFD) was finally adopted on 27 November 2008. The DPFD was supposed to be celebrated as the Data Protection Directive equivalent in European law enforcement (Third Pillar) processing. However, since its formal adoption, and even before that, data protection proponents (the European Data Protection Supervisor, the Article 29 Working Party, national Data Protection Commissioners, NGOs) lamented its adoption as the result of changes that ultimately compromised data protection. Is the DPFD a disappointment to the great expectations that accompanied its first draft, back in 2006? An attempt to address this question shall be undertaken in this paper.     

Policing Women’s Bodies in an Illiberal Society: The Case of Ireland

This journal article outlines the history of the policing women’s bodies in Ireland in the context of law, crime and reproduction. It does this by means of three case studies. The first case study explores the policing of women’s bodies in relation to sexuality. The second case study focuses on reproduction and the policing of women’s bodies in relation to reproduction. The third and final case study considers the policing of women’s bodies in relation to abortion. Taken together, these three case studies provide an overview of the capacity, and indeed the readiness, that exists in Irish society to police women’s bodies and to do so particularly in relation to sexuality and reproduction.     

Stature Estimation from Foot Length Using Universal Regression Formula in a North Indian Population

Abstract:  Stature is a significant parameter in establishing identity of an unknown. Conventionally, researchers derive regression formula separately for males and females. Sex, however, may not always be determined accurately, particularly in dismembered remains and thus the need for a universal regression formula for stature estimation irrespective of sex of an individual. The study was carried out in an endogamous group of North India to compare the accuracy of sex-specific regression models for stature estimation from foot length with the models derived when the sex was presumed as unknown. The study reveals that regression equation derived for the latter can estimate stature with reasonable accuracy. Thus, stature can be estimated accurately from foot length by regression analysis even when sex remains unknown.