我国食品公共安全规制体系的政策取向

食品公共安全规制体系包括四个基本要素:规制主体、规制客体、规制工具和规制目标。本文基于确保公众身体健康和生命安全的规制目标,分析了我国食品公共安全规制其他三个基本要素各自的现状及问题,提出了完善我国食品公共安全规制体系的政策取向:一是加强规制主体之间的协调,克服规制失灵;二是强化对规制客体的规制,克服市场失灵;三是设计和优化规制工具组合,提高规制效率。     

Cross-sectional anthropometric study of the external ear

This cross-sectional anthropometric study was aimed at estimating expansion of the external ear during adult life, in order to evaluate the extent to which anatomical features appearing in earprints may vary with time. A review of the literature was provided. Data extracted from photographed ears of 1353 subjects were analyzed. The effect of age on auricle length, earlobe length, and auricle width was explored using univariate analyses of variance. The regression coefficients of age on these dimensions were, respectively, 0.178, 0.115, and 0.073 mm/yr for males, and 0.162, 0.100, and 0.073 mm/year for females (p=0.000). Regression coefficients of age corrected for stature were assumed to be less accurate. Anthelix prominence and helix width were analyzed using data of 175 subjects, and appeared unaffected by age. As lobe expansion appeared to exceed the estimated cartilage expansion, it was assumed that particularly the imprint of the lobe would be less stable with time.     

Sustained Combustion of Bodies: Some Observations*

Abstract: Previous tests have explored the fire effects and fuel characteristics of animal carcasses in intense fires of relatively short duration. Here, test fires were conducted involving intact human cadavers and torsos that included nonaccelerated, long‐duration fires involving the bedding and clothing (in the manner of typical accidental deaths). The objective was to observe the fire conditions (size, radiant heat flux, and duration), where a human body represented the major fuel package in a nonaccelerated fire. The pattern of damage to the body was documented and compared with that resulting from a furnished room fire. Two intact, unembalmed human cadavers were exposed to fires of simulated accidental origin. The bedding was ignited by an open flame, and the fires were allowed to burn unaided to self‐extinguishment. It was found that normal human bodies can support a modest‐sized fire for some 6–7 h under these conditions. The presence of a substrate material that can act as a wick for the combustion of the rendered body fat results in extensive destruction of the torso where the greatest amount of subcutaneous fat resides, with less damage to the head and limbs. A third (partial) cadaver was exposed to a recreation of a typical accidental fire in a furnished room that progressed to full room involvement. This fire of some 15 min of total duration inflected only surface‐layer damage to the torso of the victim.     

Stature Estimation from Hand Dimensions in a Han Population of Southern China*

Abstract: To analyze the relationship between stature and hand dimensions for forensic applications, the stature and hand dimensions of 400 healthy adults aged between 20 and 25 years were measured in a Han population of Southern China. The mean values of the stature are 170.49 and 159.72 cm in the men and the women, respectively. The statistically significant differences between the right‐ and the left‐hand dimensions were not observed in the men, whereas the bilateral differences are statistically significant in female hand dimensions. The correlation coefficients were found to be statistically significant for the hand dimensions in both the sexes. The hand length showed higher correlation coefficients than the hand breadth in both sexes. Linear and multiple regressions were developed in this study; multiple regressions showed higher correlation coefficients than linear regressions. Two regression models could be used to estimate the stature from the hand dimensions in this population.     

Is There a Correlation Between Footstep Length,Lower Extremities,and Stature?, ,

A probable correlation between stature and footstep length is expected, and consequently, the stature may be estimated from footstep length. The present research was conducted to study the correlation of footstep length with length of the lower extremities and stature. The study participants (n = 142) were asked to walk on a paper sheet with inked feet and footstep length was measured. Mean stature and lower limb length were significantly larger in males. Sex differences were not observed in the average footstep length. Average footstep length and lower limb length did not show a significant correlation among the participants. A statistically significant correlation was observed between average footstep length and stature only among females. Our observations suggest that the length of the lower limb may not be a major factor in determining the footstep length of a person and that the forensic utility of stature estimation from footstep length may be limited.     

武汉汉族8个Y染色体双等位基因标记遗传多态性

目的筛选汉族群体中具有多态性的Y染色体双等位基因标记并研究其等位基因及单体群频率分布, 为法医学应用和群体进化研究提供基础数据。方法采用片段长度差异等位基因特异性PCR和PAGE技术对武汉地区160名男性汉族无关个体的8个Y染色体双等位基因标记(M9、M89、M111、M119、M122、M134、IMS-JST003305 和SRY+465)进行分型。结果 8个双等位基因标记在武汉汉族群体中均具有遗传多态性,其基因多样性(GD)范围为 0．0126-0．4830,共检出9种不同单体群(Hg1～9),其单体群多样性(HD)为0．7776。结论 8个Y染色体双等位基因标记组成的单体群在法医学应用和群体进化研究中具有一定的实用价值,可作为Y-STRs标记的有效补充。     

用FLDAS-PCR和PCR-RFLP检测汉族人群GPT的多态性

目的 建立片段长度差异等位基因特异性PCR(FLDAS-PCR)检测GPT基因型的新方法,并调查武汉地区汉族人群GPT多态性分布。方法 应用FLDAS-PCR、PCR-RFLP分别对武汉地区248例汉族个体进行GPT基因型分型。结果 FLDAS-PCR与PCR-RFLP分型结果完全一致,GPT的3种基因型分型明确,基因频率GPT*1=0.5423,GPT*2=0.4577,基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。结论 FLDAS-PCR和PCR-RFSP分型GPT在法医学鉴定中有实用价值。     

Constitutionalism and imperialism Sub Specie Spinozae

This paper examines the public, private and political in the work of Adriana Cavarero by drawing upon the situations of two women whose lives feature in her work: Elizabeth I and Penelope. It includes an analysis of the way in which Cavarero is rethinking Hannah Arendt’s view of ‘the political.’ Cavarero’s exposition of the metaphor of the King’s two bodies in the common law is explored, along with her critique of hylomorphism. Finally, it extends her work in Stately Bodies by considering different images of the power of the body in later political discourses regarding the worker’s body and the effect of the advance of techno-science. This paper was presented at ‘The State He’s In – Political Philosophy and the Figural: A Conference with Adriana Cavarero on her book Stately Bodies: Literature, Philosophy and the Question of Gender’ at Warwick University, Department of Philosophy in May 2004. I would like to thank Adriana and all the conference participants for their comments. Thanks also to the referees of this paper. I have kept the informal style of presentation from the conference, along with the emphasis upon theoretical, rather than historical, analysis.     

Elizabethan ‘Spinning’ and Penelope’s Weaving: The Political, the Common Law and Stately Bodies

This paper examines the public, private and political in the work of Adriana Cavarero by drawing upon the situations of two women whose lives feature in her work: Elizabeth I and Penelope. It includes an analysis of the way in which Cavarero is rethinking Hannah Arendt’s view of ‘the political.’ Cavarero’s exposition of the metaphor of the King’s two bodies in the common law is explored, along with her critique of hylomorphism. Finally, it extends her work in Stately Bodies by considering different images of the power of the body in later political discourses regarding the worker’s body and the effect of the advance of techno-science. This paper was presented at ‘The State He’s In – Political Philosophy and the Figural: A Conference with Adriana Cavarero on her book Stately Bodies: Literature, Philosophy and the Question of Gender’ at Warwick University, Department of Philosophy in May 2004. I would like to thank Adriana and all the conference participants for their comments. Thanks also to the referees of this paper. I have kept the informal style of presentation from the conference, along with the emphasis upon theoretical, rather than historical, analysis.     

利用“WA”花纹的车胎印痕推定轮胎规格

对于“WA”花纹的车胎印痕,根据其花纹的结构可以进一步推定轮胎的规格,这对于确定犯罪嫌疑车辆有着非常重要的意义.本文从胎面“WA”花纹的排布规律入手,结合外界条件的变化对花纹的影响,阐述了这种推定的可行性.