Recognition and Redistribution: Rethinking N. Fraser's Dualistic Model

Abstract

It can be argued that Nancy Fraser's work integrates the concepts of recognition and redistribution by questioning the definition of the concept of recognition in order to bring it closer to the practical scope of redistribution. One of the difficulties raised by the concept of recognition is that it can appear as a kind of social monism by presenting culture as the main factor behind all social criticism, and thus, behind all kinds of claims and conflicts. However, it is possible to acknowledge the theoretical significance of the economy as well. Instead of a monistic framework, we should adopt a dualistic one, founded less on the distinction between economy and culture than on the analysis of their imbrications. Both economy, and status as defined in cultural, ethnic, or sexual approaches to recognition, could work together to minimize the importance of the civil and political rights defended by liberal thinkers.     

索赔还是勒索：民刑分界的模糊地带——如何区别消费纠纷中的“维权过度”与敲诈勒索

在消费者与经营者由于产品质量问题发生纠纷时,消费者以遭受损害为由,以通过媒体曝光或者以其他方式向社会公开相要挟,向商家提出天价索赔的现象屡有发生。司法实践中,有些司法机关将此类行为定性为“维权过度”,不作为犯罪处理;也有的司法机关将其作为敲诈勒索罪追究刑事责任。理论界也有不同观点的争鸣,无罪论者认为对“维权过度”行为定罪违背了刑法的谦抑性,损害了消费者维权的积极性;有罪论者则认为,消费者非理性维权,侵犯了经营者的合法财产权,破坏了法律秩序,应当作为犯罪处理。考察域外立法及司法对此类行为的认定,对维权过度型敲诈勒索行为进行分类甄别,区别不同情形做出处理,以期切实保障消费者和经营者的合法权益,实现刑事司法的法律效果与社会效果的统一。     

Methamphetamine body packer: acute poisoning death due to massive leaking of methamphetamine

We encountered three methamphetamine (MA) body packers presenting simultaneously, one of whom died. Three Nigerian men (39, 35, and 37 years old) who attempted to smuggle were found to contain 35 (498 g), 21 (292 g), and 5 packages (73 g) of methamphetamine hydrochloride (MA-HCl) in their stomachs, respectively. Packages were wrapped with plastic film and Scotch tape. The 39-year-old man died with acute poisoning from c. 20 g of MA-HCl that had leaked from the packages into the stomach. His plasma MA concentration was 8.6 microg/mL when he was hospitalized (17 h before his death). Autopsy findings showed extreme pulmonary congestion and edema as well as moderate hepatic edema and several petechiae. Quantitative analysis was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Extremely high concentrations of MA and its metabolite amphetamine (AP) were found in cardiac blood (63.5 microg/mL and 1.2 microg/mL), urine (4,518 microg/mL and 72.4 microg/mL), gastric contents (8,490 microg/mL and 16.9 microg/mL), and in all other autopsy samples. These high concentrations confirmed that the cause of death was acute MA poisoning. Furthermore, impurity-profiling analysis of the seized MA revealed that the MA smuggled by the three suspects originated from the same batch.     

‘Somewhat more disruptive than we had in mind’1: The Boundary Commission for England's 2011 Proposed Redistribution of Parliamentary Constituencies

In February 2011 the UK Parliament passed an Act that both reduced the number of MPs to be elected to the House of Commons and significantly altered the rules for the definition of Parliamentary constituencies. After six redistributions in which organic criteria—MPs representing places with a community of interest—dominated the redrawing of constituency boundaries, the new rules gave precedence to an arithmetic criterion: all constituencies must have electorates within 5 per cent of the national quota (average). Seven months later the Boundary Commission published its initial proposals for a new set of 502 constituencies implementing these new rules. This paper evaluates the amount of change to the country's electoral map that this involves, identifies the main features of the new constituency configurations, and assesses their likely impact on UK political life.     

我国转型体制下政府作用的合理边界

我国转型体制下政府作用的合理边界包括政府作用的深度、宽度和强度三个方面。在此边界条件下,市场能办到的政府不必代劳。地方政府能办到的中央政府不必代劳。政府在发挥作用时必须把握政府与市场、中央与地方职责边界的历史变动特征。即使是存在市场失效的领域,如果预期这种失效对市场的正常运行不会产生重大危害而能被市场所容忍时,政府也不应介入。     

Popliteal Vein Blood Sampling and the Postmortem Redistribution of Diazepam,Methadone, and Morphine

Postmortem redistribution (PMR) refers to the site‐ and time‐related blood drug concentration variations after death. We compared central blood (cardiac and subclavian) with peripheral blood (femoral and popliteal) concentrations of diazepam, methadone, and morphine. To our knowledge, popliteal blood has never been compared with other sites. Intracardiac blood (ICB), subclavian blood (SB), femoral blood (FB), and popliteal blood (PB) were sampled in 30 cases. To assess PMR, mean concentrations and ratios were compared. Influence of postmortem interval on mean ratios was also assessed. Results show that popliteal mean concentrations were lower than those for other sites for all three drugs, even lower than femoral blood; mean ratios suggested that the popliteal site was less subject to PMR, and estimated postmortem interval did not influence ratios except for diazepam and methadone FB/PB. In conclusion, our study is the first to explore the popliteal site and suggests that popliteal blood is less prone to postmortem redistribution.     

非政府组织的制度分析

本文从制度分析的角度考量非政府组织,认为非政府组织是关于准公共物品分配的一种制度安排, 分别从空间维度和时间维度研究非政府组织,并最终考察了非政府组织的制度边界和制度变迁,以期提升我国社会组织的良性运行与和谐发展。     

劳资契约安排的制度逻辑——无固定期限劳动合同的法律经济学重读

无固定期限劳动合同引发了任何规则建构都必须依循其内在制度逻辑这一普适性的法理学命题。基于法律经济学的分析视角,无论是《劳动合同法》还是配套的《实施条例》,无固定期限劳动合同皆无法保护员工的职业稳定权,反而损害了同样值得珍视的就业权,引发了一系列影响就业数量、就业质量的利益再分配效应。缘于人力资本在监督、计量上的技术难度,企业无法就员工是否"不能胜任工作"等常规合同解除条件给出满足可观察、可检验要件的客观证据,无法满足司法治理机制的"外部视角"对于证据可观察、可检验的刚性约束,《劳动合同法》赋予企业的合同解除抗辩权不具有司法操作意义。在劳动力结构性过剩的背景下,以提升劳动者职业技能、降低其可替代性来提高企业解除劳资契约关系的退出成本,应当是更有助于激励企业保持稳定的劳资契约关系、节省执法成本的可行进路。     

城市房屋拆迁法律性质之定位

我国现行的《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》不仅存在若干内容与上位法相抵触的问题,而且模糊了房屋拆迁的法律性质。政府一方面实际主导着拆迁,另一方面又不承担拆迁人应有的法律义务。政府、拆迁人与被拆迁人之间的关系含混不清,是造成被拆迁人处于不利地位的根本法律原因。法律修改的首要问题在于理顺拆迁法律关系,明确房屋拆迁的行政征收性质,依此对房屋拆迁各方的权利义务进行重新配置。政府作为行政征收人直接承担对被拆迁人履行拆迁程序、拆迁补偿等方面的义务。     

Suicide by Intentional Air embolism

Venous air embolism occurs when air enters the venous system. The main causes of venous air embolism include medical procedures, neck and head trauma, and injuries of the genitals. Self‐induced suicidal (and intentional) air embolism is extremely rare. The authors report a rare case of a suicidal air embolism committed using a self‐made tool composed of a plastic bottle and an infusion set, injecting nearly 2000 mL of air into the cubital vein. The toxicological analysis suggested that midazolam, together with air, was also injected into the circulation using the same bottle and infusion set.