Site‐, Technique‐, and Time‐Related Aspects of the Postmortem Redistribution of Diazepam,Methadone, Morphine,and their Metabolites: Interest of Popliteal Vein Blood Sampling

Sampling site, technique, and time influence postmortem drug concentrations. In 57 cases, we studied drug concentration differences as follows: subclavian vein‐dissection/clamping versus blind stick, femoral vein‐dissection/clamping versus blind stick, right cardiac chamber, and popliteal vein‐dissection and clamping only. Cases were distributed in group #1 (all cases with both techniques), group #2 (dissection/clamping), and group #3 (blind stick). Sampled drugs were diazepam, methadone, morphine, and their metabolites. To assess PMR, mean concentrations and ratios were calculated for each group. Time‐dependent variations of blood concentrations and ratios were also assessed. Results indicate that site, method, and time may influence postmortem distribution interpretation in different ways. Popliteal blood seems less subject to PMR. In conclusion, our study is the first to evaluate concurrently three main aspects of PMR and confirms that the popliteal vein may represent a site that is more resistant to the changes seen as a result of PMR.     

对控制危险废物越境转移法律制度的思考

本文分析了危险废物越境转移的原因及其对环境的危害 ,叙述了控制危险废物越境转移的法律框架 ,并指出了当前存在的一些主要问题 ,进而相应地从完善法律体系、负担加诸出口国、落实共同但有区别的责任原则、设立一个专门机构等方面提出了对策。     

监视居住下侦查权边界的研究

在监视居住措施下,侦查机关的管辖权、侦查权、讯问权、监视权应当得到有效规范,其权力边界应当得到明晰。这不仅有效保障了公民的人身和财产安全,而且让侦查机关在监视居住期间的侦查行为能够有法可依,依法有据,认清侦查权力与滥用职权的边界,从而避免侦查机关滥用职权的风险,克服刑讯逼供的隐患,洗刷非法拘禁的嫌疑,减少国家赔偿的损失,真正体现侦查机关作为人民卫士的神圣使命和中国特色社会主义法治理念的优越性。     

Experimental Study on the Postmortem Redistribution of the Substituted Phenethylamine, 25B‐NBOMe

2‐(4‐Bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐N‐(2‐methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25B‐NBOMe) is a substituted phenethylamine, which has become highly prevalent worldwide since 2014. Recently, in an autopsy case involving fatal 25B‐NBOMe intoxication, we found the postmortem increase of 25B‐NBOMe concentration in the cardiac blood approximately 2 days after death. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of 25B‐NBOMe and reproduce the postmortem redistribution using a rat model. Sprague‐Dawley rats were killed 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of 25B‐NBOMe (0.5 mg/kg) and left for 0, 3, 6, 9, 15, or 24 h (six rats at each time point). Postmortem 25B‐NBOMe concentrations in the cardiac blood increased by more than 10‐fold at 6‐h postmortem. 25B‐NBOMe accumulated primarily in the lung. Moreover, this postmortem redistribution occurred even in rats that had died 1 week following the 25B‐NBOMe administration. These findings indicate that attention should be paid to sample collection and data interpretation in the toxicological analysis of 25B‐NBOMe.     

“善良的“还是“无害的“——诺齐克政治哲学中的道德约束

在古代社会,“善良的“是国家对个人的要求.洛克在反对中世纪教会专制和绝对君主论的基础上提出:自由人在契约的基础上建立或废黜政府是合理的,因此,国家对个人的要求是受到大多数人对国家的要求限制的.诺齐克在洛克的基础上进一步提出:人的自由只有在自然权利的道德边际约束下产生的国家中才能得到保障,只有国家对个人自由权利的无害,才能确保个人对他人的无害.因此,国家对自由人的要求只能是“无害的“而不是“善良的“,“善良的“只能是个人对自己生活的道德要求.诺齐克没能解决当一个人无法保障自己的自然权利时,国家如何保障其自然权利的问题.只有建立在历史唯物主义基础上的道德边际约束递减律,才能有效解决这一问题.     

Squaring the Virtuous Circle: Exploring the Potential of the ‘Five Cs’

During his May 2014 visit to Australia Pascal Lamy, former Director General of the World Trade Organization, urged ‘public institutions, civil society, and global businesses’ to forge ‘creative coalitions’ for the purpose of engaging constructively and positively with the complex problems standing in the way of achieving social and economic sustainability. Lamy's visit was but the first of several occasions during 2014 in which intense public discussion erupted about the need for government, business, and civil society to pool their capacities in boundary‐spanning efforts to address complex policy problems. This article investigates whether the public discussion portends a heightened policy focus on the ‘five Cs’: co‐production, co‐design, corporate social responsibility, collective impact, and Lamy's creative coalitions.     

Recognition as Redistribution

Abstract

This paper aims to explore and examine the implied commitment to the premises of recognition in Rawls’s account of redistributive justice. It attempts to find out whether or not recognition relations that produce humiliation and cultural injustice can be followed to their logical conclusion in his theory of redistribution. This paper makes two claims. Firstly, although Rawls does not disregard the harms of misrecognition as demonstrated in his notion of self-respect being the most important primary good, he cannot liberally accommodate the idea of humiliation as a case of injustice without compromising the basic premises of his theory. Secondly, while resource distribution produces indirect side effects that can impact upon cultural injustice, addressing recognition issues through the prism of redistribution can inadvertently result in further misrecognition. The paper concludes that in the final analysis Rawls wrongly takes redistribution as the overarching principle of justice to which recognition is but a subservient principle.     

行政权的边界意识及其法律培植研究

行政权边界意识以哲学上的意识和边界意识为认识前提,以行政权本身为成立和运行载体,由行政权的执行者在头脑中形成与刻意.行政权边界意识的主要范畴主要包括：行政权与公民权的边界意识、行政权与共同公权力的边界意识、行政权的时空边界意识、行政责任与社会责任的边界意识.行政权边界意识的观念提升,宪法、法律以及判例对行政权与公民权边界的明确,公民权利意识对行政权边界意识的反致作用,是行政权与公民权边界意识的法律培植.而行政权与立法权、司法权边界意识以各自的权限为基本意识架构,在责任上,禁止行政责任之社会责任化承担.     

法医毒理学的结果解释（下）

法医毒理学的主要任务是从生物检材中分析毒（药）物,并且推断毒（药）物浓度对死亡或行为能力的作用程度,结果解释是法医毒理学的最终目的。现代法医毒理学主要包括死后法医毒理学、滥用药物筛查和行为能力影响三个方面,由此探讨在进行结果解释时的诸多影响因素。进行法医毒理学的结果解释时应非常慎重,充分了解案情和调查结果,全面考虑毒（药）物的毒性、生物检材、药代动力学、体内再分布、药物交叉反应等多种因素,才能对案件作出较为准确的结果解释。