论票据诈骗罪行为方式的相关问题

票据诈骗罪是金融诈骗罪中的一种,随着市场经济的发展,票据诈骗罪逐渐成为多发性案件。由于此类案件牵连案件多,形式复杂,在实践中较难把握,笔者通过理论联系实际,全面、系统的论述了票据诈骗罪的概念及五种行为方式等相关问题。     

All quiet on election day? International election observation and incentives for pre-election violence in African elections

This article argues that the increasing international interest in elections as exemplified by the rise of international election monitoring induces temporal shifts in the use of violent intimidation by political actors. The presence of international electoral missions lowers the potential for election-day violence relative to the pre-election period because domestic actors likely refrain from intimidating opposition candidates or voters before the eyes of international observers, but creates incentives for political actors to engage in violent manipulation in parts of the electoral process receiving considerably less international attention, such as the pre-election period. The article expects that international election observation increases the incidence of violent manipulation during electoral campaigns. An empirical analysis of election-related violence for African elections in the 1990–2009 period shows that the presence of election observers increases the incidence of pre-election violence, but has no effect on election-day violence.     

《欧共体出租权指令》评介

１９９２年１１月１９日由欧共体理事会通过的《欧共体出租权指令》全称《知识产权领域中的出租权、出借权及某些邻接权的指令》,是继《计算机程序保护指令》之后欧共体在协调其成员国著作权制度方面取得的又一坚实进步,它旨在推动共同体的经济和文化的发展,本文对该指令进行了较为详细的介绍和评价。     

涉假型信用卡诈骗罪研究

变造信用卡的行为要么不定罪,要么按“使用作废的信用卡”定罪,而不能一概将变造行为全归于伪造行为;使用作废的信用卡的主体不仅限于持卡人;盗划信用卡、使用非法复制的他人信用卡应当区分不同情况分别处理。     

集资诈骗犯罪的社会根源和司法认定

集资诈骗犯罪是我国经济犯罪领域的重要组成部分,对普通群众的财产安全和国家的金融稳定造成了极大伤害。集资诈骗犯罪的频繁发生有其自身独特的社会根源。集资诈骗背后所蕴藏的不仅仅是复杂的法律关系,更是社会、经济矛盾的集中体现。厘清集资诈骗犯罪的构罪细节和类罪区别,是司法实践中强化对集资诈骗犯罪行为打击力度的重要保障。     

论无效合同的法律形式

无效合同是相对于有效合同而言的．指合同虽然已经成立,但因其在内容和形式上违反了法律、行政法规的强行性规定和社会公共利益,因此被确认为无效。正确认识无效合同的种类,对于公民、法人正确地使用合同．维护自身的合法利益,从而确保合同法的正常运作、保障经济生活中的交易安全、维护国家利益、准确适用法律、正确处理案件,都具有十分重要的意义。     

When do electoral institutions trigger electoral misconduct?

Drawing on two complementary mechanisms, this article explores the question of whether electoral institutions and conditions of electoral competition create incentives to promote electoral misconduct in young or developing democracies. The first mechanism explains how majoritarian institutions like disproportional electoral systems are more likely to trigger electoral fraud than consensus electoral institutions like proportional representation. However, for this mechanism to be activated, the incumbent must feel effectively threatened by the opposition. To better understand the way this mechanism works, the electoral history of the country also needs to be taken into consideration. Democracies which have a historical record of running clean elections are less likely to experience fraud than countries with a history of electoral misconduct. I test these theoretical claims using a dataset that contains relevant information for 323 parliamentary elections in 59 new or developing democracies in the period between 1960 and 2006. The empirical analysis shows a strong and robust empirical support for the two mechanisms.     

Breaking the Double Impasse: Securing and Supporting Diverse Housing Tenures in the United States

What might be described as a double impasse characterizes debate on U.S. housing tenure with advocates fighting for rental or ownership housing on one side and Third Way or mixed-tenure solutions on the other. Breaking this impasse requires disengaging from conceptions of an idealized form of tenure and instead advocating making virtually all tenures as secure and supported as possible, so that diverse households are able to live in homes that best fit their changing needs over their life cycles. This essay (a) presents data on the variety of tenures in the United States; (b) conveys a new two-dimensional map of tenure according to their degrees of control and potential for wealth-building; and (c) shows how U.S. institutions shape their risks and subsidies. Most U.S. tenures are at least somewhat risky, including those that receive the greatest federal subsidies. A new housing system is needed to secure and support as many tenures as possible.     

指导性案例对网络非法集资犯罪的界定

鉴于非法集资犯罪所具有的涉众型特征和引发次生风险的严重社会危害性,这种犯罪目前已经成为我国司法领域打击的重点.尽管我国若干司法解释确立了非法集资犯罪的外延和特征,但随着互联网的快速发展,非法集资依托于金融科技的发展和新出现的金融产品,衍生出翻新变化和日趋复杂化的集资犯罪手段,导致对于非法吸收公众存款罪成立的四个特性、集...     

LOW SELF‐CONTROL,ROUTINE ACTIVITIES,AND FRAUD VICTIMIZATION*

Recent research has used both routine activity/lifestyle frameworks and self‐control theory to explain victimization. Thus far, combined tests of these theories have focused on offending populations and street crime victimization. Whether these frameworks also explain exposure to and likelihood of nonviolent victimization (e.g., fraud) in general‐population samples remains an open empirical question. Building on prior work, we assess the independent effects of routine consumer activities (i.e., remote purchasing) and low self‐control on the likelihood of fraud targeting and victimization. Using a representative sample of 922 adults from a statewide survey in Florida, the results confirm our expectation that remote‐purchasing activities increase consumers' risk of being targeted for fraud. Low self‐control has no effect on whether consumers are targeted, but it does significantly increase the likelihood of fraud victimization.