贷款诈骗罪司法认定问题研究

贷款诈骗罪中的行为方式、主观方面、主体和其他司法认定中有一些疑难问题需要解决。现行刑法第193条对贷款诈骗罪的规定存在不足,应通过对司法认定实践的总结和国外有关法律规定的借鉴,予以完善。     

从刑法视角论诉讼欺诈行为的定性

诉讼欺诈是指行为人为非法占有他人财物,以提起民事诉讼为手段,在民事诉讼中通过虚构事实、隐瞒真相等手段欺骗法院,使法院做出错误判决从而实现其非法目的的行为。诉讼欺诈具有严重的社会危害性,应将其规定为犯罪行为。刑法理论和司法实践对诉讼欺诈行为的定性分歧较大。     

合同诈骗罪认定之多重变量因素探讨——以“合同”的界定为视角

合同诈骗罪分离于普通诈骗罪,源于利用"合同"进行诈骗的基本形式,从而产生了关于合同诈骗罪之"合同"的界定之争。因此,有必要深刻剖析合同诈骗罪之"合同"的本质,基于该本质特征,准确界定合同诈骗罪之"合同"的形式、范围、对象及效力,探讨影响合同诈骗罪认定的多重变量因素,为司法实践中合同诈骗罪的正确适用奠定基础。     

信用证欺诈原因与对策新析——以宁波联合诉香港诺华案为例

随着各国间贸易往来的增多,信用证已经成为国际贸易结算的重要方式之一,又被誉为“国际贸易生命线”.但自信用证产生以来,信用证欺诈就屡见不鲜,尤其是近几年,伴随着世界贸易的快速增长,信用证欺诈案例有增无减,且手段越来越隐蔽,涉案数额巨大,给国际贸易的发展蒙上了一层阴影.因此,研究信用欺诈问题并提出相关防范建议意义重大.     

Serious tax fraud and noncompliance

Research Summary This article reviews what international evidence exists on the impact of civil and criminal sanctions upon serious tax noncompliance by individuals. This construct lacks sharp definitional boundaries but includes large tax fraud and large-scale evasion that are not dealt with as fraud. Although substantial research and theory have been developed on general tax evasion and compliance, their conclusions might not apply to large-scale intentional fraudsters. No scientifically defensible studies directly compared civil and criminal sanctions for tax fraud, although one U.S. study reported that significantly enhanced criminal sanctions have more effects than enhanced audit levels. Prosecution is public, whereas administrative penalties are confidential, and this fact encourages those caught to pay heavy penalties to avoid publicity, a criminal record, and imprisonment. Policy Implications Although it has yet to be proven that prosecution has a greater or lesser impact on these offenders, increased prosecution might be justified for purposes of moral retribution as well as perceived social fairness.     

集资诈骗罪死刑保留合理性分析

死刑的废除是全世界刑罚发展的一大趋势,目前我国作为积极保留死刑的国家之一,也正在一步一步的有计划地废除死刑。《刑法修正案八》的制定实施,废除了其他金融诈骗罪的死刑,仅仅保留了集资诈骗罪的死刑设置。针对集资诈骗罪死刑保留的合理性,结合集资诈骗罪的特点,将其与其他金融诈骗罪作对比,从价值和社会效益两方面进行分析,并根据在司法实践中对于死刑适用的现状,可以得出结论:在认定集资诈骗罪死刑必将废除的前提下,根据我国现状集资诈骗罪的保留具有合理性。     

Autocratic adaptation: The strategic use of transparency and the persistence of election fraud

Why would an autocrat want, or at least make it appear to want, to reduce election fraud? In recent years, non-democratic rulers have surprisingly begun to embrace fraud-reducing technologies, like web cameras or transparent ballot boxes. The reason for this is found in the relative ease by which one type of fraud can be replaced with another. With the help of new fraud identification techniques, I argue that the installation of web cameras in polling stations changes how fraud is conducted. Web cameras do not reduce fraud, but rather make certain blatant forms of fraud, like ballot box stuffing, more costly. Autocrats then substitute for other types of fraud, such as fabricating the vote count out of view of the cameras.     

清末民初奉天地区不动产租借习惯法论——兼及与东北其他两省份的比较

租借对象主要是土地、房屋等不动产。在国家典卖制度的规范下,依托东北地区特有的风土人情,形成了调整租、典、卖三者发生叠加矛盾时的＂租不拦当、当不拦卖＂习惯;在他人土地上建造房屋获得优先居住权,期满房屋所有权归土地所有人,建筑人不可随意拆除的＂借地不拆屋＂习惯;在借用的土地上修建房屋,须向出借方缴纳＂地皮租＂是奉天省独有的习惯;土地所有者与垦户订立荒帖,其效力不仅及于地主与垦户,还及于中人的垦荒习惯等。在司法裁判时因其可以作为裁判依据而具有法律效力。这些习惯对今天东北地区房屋租借合同的签订有一定影响。     

信用证诈骗罪的认定

信用证诈骗罪类型较多,应从行为方式、行为人主观状态等各个方面入手认定处理。倒签提单和预借提单行为属民事违法行为,不应当构成信用证诈骗罪。开立无真实贸易背景信用证的行为,应定为信用证诈骗罪。信用证诈骗罪属结果犯,应以占有财物的结果是否发生为既未遂标志。此外,在认定信用证诈骗罪时,还要注意其与贷款诈骗罪、合同诈骗罪等相近犯罪的区别。     

论不可抗辩条款与保险欺诈的法律平衡

不可抗辩条款,从时间上限制了保险人以投保人未如实告知为由解除保险合同的权利,保护了投保方的利益,但其固有的制度缺陷有可能沦为投保人进行保险诈骗的工具.本文针对我国保险法有关不可抗辩条款的立法缺陷,提出完善的建议,以期能有效抑制我国日益泛滥的人寿保险诈骗行为.