血液样品中防腐剂对碳氧血红蛋白稳定性的影响

目的研究临床上常用8种试剂对血液样品中碳氧血红蛋白(HbCO)稳定性的影响。方法将血液样品分为高、低两个HbCO浓度组,选用临床常用的甲醛、氟化钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、亚硝酸钠、草酸钾、肝素钠、柠檬酸钾及氟化钠与草酸钾混合物(1:3)8种试剂,按常用浓度分别添加到血样品中,并于添加后0h、2h、8h、24h、3d、7d用紫外可见光分光光度法检测其中HbCO饱和度,用统计学方法进行结果分析。结果本实验选用的8种试剂只有甲醛和亚硝酸钠对HbCO的稳定性影响较为显著,而其余6种对HbCO稳定性的影响无统计学意义。结论在检验疑似CO中毒并经甲醛或亚硝酸钠防腐的检材时应慎重,以免导致错误的鉴定结论。     

Using Carbon,Oxygen, Strontium,and Lead Isotopes in Modern Human Teeth for Forensic Investigations: A Critical Overview Based on Data from Bulgaria

Isotopic data obtained from human remains can provide information about an individual's origin, migration, and diet. We evaluate the usefulness of carbon, oxygen, strontium, and lead isotopes for forensic investigations by comparing data from Bulgarian teeth with data from other regions. Geo‐referencing based on oxygen or strontium isotopes can be misleading due to overlap with other countries in Europe and other continents. Carbon and lead isotopes, in combination with oxygen and strontium isotopes, provide the most useful information for identification of local vs foreigner status. In particular, high‐precision Pb isotopes show a distinct “Bulgarian” range; however, it is possible that individuals from other countries in Eastern Europe and/or central to western Asia could have overlapping isotopic values. Additional high‐precision multi‐isotope data from modern humans from different regions in the world are required to transition from speculative to more quantitative estimation of a geographical place of origin for unidentified human remains.     

浅议我国煤炭行业节能减排

气候的异常、能源的紧缺掀起了低碳经济的浪潮,作为煤炭占能源主导地位的国家,由于高碳的性质,使得我国煤炭行业节能减排的任务繁重,而且现在煤炭行业存在产业整体性差、资源浪费严重、后备资源不足、煤矿规模结构不合理、环境污染严重等一系列问题,为了做好节能减排工作,煤炭行业要从系统节能、资源耦合、企业转型、融资租赁等方面着手,由高碳向低碳转变,促进煤炭行业低碳经济的发展。     

Public Attitudes toward Climate Science and Climate Policy in Federal Systems: Canada and the United States Compared1

Multilevel governance poses several challenges for the politics of climate change. On the one hand, the unequal distribution of power and interests can serve as a barrier to implementing coherent policy at a federal level. On the other, these features also enable policy leadership among sub‐federal units. In the context of wide variation in climate policy at both national and sub‐federal levels in Canada and in the United States, this paper utilizes an original data set to examine public attitudes and perceptions toward climate science and climate change policy in two federal systems. Drawing on national and provincial/state level data from telephone surveys administered in the United States and in Canada, the paper provides insight into where the public stands on the climate change issue in two of the most carbon‐intensive federal systems in the world. The paper includes the first directly comparable public opinion data on how Canadians and Americans form their opinions regarding climate matters and provides insight into the preferences of these two populations regarding climate policies at both the national and sub‐federal levels. Key findings are examined in the context of growing policy experiments at the sub‐federal level in both countries and limited national level progress in the adoption of climate change legislation.     

略论排污权交易制度若干问题

随着政府职能的转变,逐渐由过去的简单管理型向引导服务型发展,这体现在环境保护领域,则是政府运用经济刺激手段引导企业的环境行为,有效促进企业不经济行为的内部化。排污权作为环保市场化的重要组成部分,在实现环境保护和可持续发展方面起着非常重要的作用。本文阐述了排污权交易的产生背景、建立排污权交易的必要性、外国排污权交易制度的实践经验及在此基础之上分析我国建立实施排污权交易制度的经验和作用等问题。     

三七中人参炔醇的提取、分离和鉴定

目的:提取、分离和鉴定三七中人参炔醇.方法:采用超临界CO2萃取三七脂溶性成分,硅胶柱层析、制备薄层分离,并通过波谱技术(UV、IR、MS、1HNMR、13CNMR)分析鉴定人参炔醇化学结构.结果:从三七中分离并鉴定了人参炔醇成分,得率为0.077%.结论:应用超临界CO2萃取三七中脂溶性成分并分离其中的人参炔醇,得率较高.     

The Politics of the British Environment since 1945

This article examines, first, how environmental concerns have shaped British politics since 1945, making the environment an object of governance; and second, how political developments have an environmental history, focussing on the environmental demands of social democracy. It contends that environmentalism should be considered alongside other political ideologies, such as socialism and feminism, as helping to constitute the modern British state and the evolving relationship between government and the citizen. It considers how the management of the terrestrial environment became a hotly contested matter in the postwar decades, drawing a distinction between the politics of ‘landscape preservation’ and ‘nature conservation’. This discussion is related to access politics and questions of rural governance and regulation, particularly with respect to the agricultural sector. The article concludes with a discussion of some current environmental concerns, reflecting on the possible transition from today's ‘carbon democracy’ to tomorrow's ‘renewable democracy’.     

中国“碳金融”发展的制约因素及路径选择

“碳金融”是环保项目投融资的代名词,是国际金融界的新课题,泛指减少温室气体排放的各种金融制度安排和金融交易活动,主要包括碳排放权及其衍生品的交易和投资、低碳项目开发的投融资以及其他相关的金融中介活动。中国“碳金融”市场发展前景广阔,银行业开展“碳金融”业务不仅可以推动经营战略转型,提升国际竞争力,而且可以促进中国经济健康发展。该文简要介绍“碳金融”发展的背景、意义及国内外“碳金融”发展现状,分析了中国“碳金融”发展的制约因素,提出中国“碳金融”发展的路径。     

Why did Argentina and Uruguay decide to pursue a carbon tax? Fiscal reforms and explicit carbon prices

Since 2014, carbon taxes have been spreading in South America. Counterintuitively, while they are primarily considered climate policies, their adoption has been largely driven by causes unrelated to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The carbon tax policymaking literature has overlooked the causes that trigger the causal mechanisms for adopting carbon taxes and has instead centered on parts of the causal mechanism. Focusing on the very beginning of the process, namely the causes triggering the decision to pursue carbon taxes in Argentina and Uruguay, this study both contributes to the carbon tax policymaking literature and to the burgeoning application of logical Bayesian analysis in qualitative studies. According to previous studies, the pursuit of carbon taxes inherently entails political challenges linked, among others, to its potential regressive impacts and effects on industries, which makes the sudden rise of carbon taxes in Argentina and Uruguay surprising. Based on 26 expert interviews and a desk review, the study applies a logical Bayesian analysis to study potential causes structured around mutually exclusive hypotheses consistent with the carbon tax policymaking literature. It shows that the causes for pursuing carbon taxes in Argentina and Uruguay are not primarily related to mitigation. Instead, Argentina conceived carbon taxation as part of a broader reform of its fiscal system, and Uruguay as a way to make explicit the already high implicit carbon price.     

Modeling the macroeconomic determinants of environmental degradation in E-7 countries: The role of technological innovation and institutional quality

Environmental degradation poses a severe threat to life on earth. Similarly to other countries, emerging seven (E-7) countries have been struggling to decrease their dependence on non-renewable energy sources by adopting environment friendly technologies for reducing environmental deterioration and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. In present study, we reassessed the technological policies of E-7 countries, and addressed the issues of affordable and clean energy, institutional quality (IQU), and sustained economic growth (EGR) to address the problem of environmental deterioration. For this purpose, we have investigated the role of renewable energy consumption (REC), technological innovations (TINs), IQU, and EGR on CO₂ emissions (CE) by using the panel quantile regression (PQR) for the period from 1996 to 2020. The empirical outcomes of FGLS reveal that a 1% increase in REC, TIN, and IQU reduces the CE by 0.145%, 0.233%, and 0.249%, while a 1% rise in EGR and population (POPU) raises the CE by 0.993% and 1.546% respectively. Similarly, the results of PQR demonstrate that REC, TIN, and IQU reduce CE, whereas EGR and POPU increase environmental degradation. The impact of TIN on CE is high at lower quantiles and low at higher quantiles. The impact of IQU on CE is low at lower quantiles and high at higher quantiles Based on these findings, we have recommended a comprehensive SDG-oriented policy framework, so that E-7 countries can make progress towards achieving the objectives of SDG 16, SDG 13, SDG 7, SDG 8, and SDG 9.