当前低碳经济发展困境及我国低碳经济发展的法律保障简

发展低碳经济已成为世界各国的主流意识形态和价值现.低碳经济有着独特的优势和巨大的市场潜力,已成为世界经济发展的热点和重心.然而在国际上,由于碳减排义务的分担存在分歧以及欧盟碳交易市场的低速而使低碳经济深陷困境.我国低碳经济建设迫切而任重,结合我国低碳经济发展的现实,构建完善的法律框架和相应的配套保障制度是必由之路.     

Cheikh Anta Diop: The social sciences,humanities, physical and natural sciences and transdisciplinarity

ABSTRACT

This article presents a critical exposition of the contributions of Cheikh Anta Diop to a scientific understanding of ancient African history, race, and the study of culture. It sets out the history of Diop's successful struggle against flawed Eurocentric scholarship which sought to deny the contributions of ancient black Egyptians to world civilisation. Diop's intellectual odyssey across physics, linguistics, through anthropology, ethnology, genetics and history is recounted here to demonstrate the limitations of mono-, inter- and multidisciplinarity and clearly identifies him as a pioneer of transdisciplinarity in the field of knowledge production.     

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Carbon Monoxide Exposure: Accidental Association or Fatal Link?

This case study reports a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with concomitant accidental carbon monoxide (CO) exposure in 32‐year‐old man. Autopsy results indicated an antemortem aspiration of smoke, and a massive SAH was identified as the cause of death. Intriguingly, the carboxyhemoglobin level was 30%, suggesting that CO could have played a specific role. Intracranial hemorrhages following CO exposure in brain areas and tissues such as the basal ganglia, globus pallidus, or white matter are rare, but well characterized, whereas SAH related to CO exposure has not been previously described. In this case report, the possible role of CO, either as a primary cause or as a facilitating factor, in the pathogenesis of SAH is discussed. In particular, we propose the hypothesis that the excessive vasodilating effects produced by CO on the cerebral endothelium results in consequential loss of microvascular integrity.     

空间效应视角下中国省域碳排放总量的驱动因素分析

运用空间计量经济学模型实证分析中国省域碳排放的空间效应及驱动因素的结果显示,中国省域碳排放存在显著的空间自相关性和集群趋势,并主要集中在经济发达、人口密集和能源消费强度大的地区;能源消费强度、人口规模和人均GDP对碳排放总量影响显著,其中能源消费的影响最大;城市化、产业结构和技术创新对碳排放的影响不显著。该研究结论为我国城市化和产业结构升级进程中控制碳排放增量、国家和地方政府建立相应的碳减排鼓励政策和技术研发支持机制,以及各省域构建各具区域特色的低碳经济发展模式具有决策参考意义。     

区域低碳经济发展中的政府角色定位——来自中部地区的实证分析

运用面板数据模型研究了1980—2009年间中部六省低碳经济的发展状况。结果表明,中部地区二氧化碳排放量与经济增长的关系比较显著。此外,能源消耗带动GDP增长的效率在逐年上升,从一定程度上反映了追求低能耗高产出增长模式的转变。中部地区经济发展与环境的相互关系正处于临近环境库兹涅兹曲线拐点的阶段。加速发展模式的转变,实现区域低碳发展的目标,中部地区政府必须进行有效的职能和角色定位。     

发展低碳服务业的必要性与对策建议

低碳服务业是随着低碳经济的兴起而产生的,与国内外蓬勃发展的低碳经济实践相比,低碳服务业的概念依然处于初期讨论中。资源节约型、综合效益型与生态安全型是低碳服务业的特点。发展低碳服务业既是实现低碳经济目标的有效途径,更是促进社会经济可持续发展的必然选择。发展低碳服务业应健全规章制度,促进低碳服务业有序发展;加强载体建设,夯实低碳服务业发展基础;加强技术创新,推进传统服务业改造升级。     

美国联邦碳排放限额交易立法解析

关于建立一个全国性的碳排放限额交易计划的问题,已经在美国国会获得了强烈的政治考虑,多部联邦法律草案勾画出了未来联邦碳排放限额交易计划的基本架构,只是具体细节的设计上存在微小差异。但是,拟建联邦碳排放限额交易计划的温室气体减排潜力有限,且因难以调和的利益冲突而近期获得通过的希望渺茫。     

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展低碳经济探析

近年来,以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的低碳经济成为了全球经济学研究的热点问题。低碳经济不仅是环境恶化、资源短缺的应对之策,而且正在成为新一轮世界经济的增长点和各国竞争的焦点。2009年11月,国务院正式批复《黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展规划》,至此,发展低碳经济成为黄河三角洲地区长时期经济社会发展中不可或缺的一大主题。     

Kyoto,Europe?—An Economic Evaluation of the European Emission Trading Directive

To meet its obligations accepted in the Kyoto Protocol cost effectively, the European Union introduces a scheme of Greenhouse Gas Allowance Trading for its member states. This paper evaluates the cost effectiveness, ecological accuracy and dynamic incentives of this approach.The EU-emissions trading constitutes an important shift in the paradigm of environmental policy, from command and control to a market based approach. Still, the EU-system does not fully realize the economic potential of the transferable discharge permit policy. Especially, the limited scope of trading regarding geography, pollutants, sectors and activities reduces the quality of the system. Moreover, the EU-Directive is unspecific in many respects and it leaves many decisions defining the rules of the game to the individual member state. Uncertainty and heterogeneity increase transaction cost and thereby hamper the effectiveness of the system.JEL Classification: Q54, Q58, K32     

大鼠血液中HbCO随吸入CO浓度和时间的变化

目的研究不同一氧化碳(carbon monoxide,CO)浓度下中毒大鼠的行为学特征、存活时间、碳氧血红蛋白(carboxyhemoglobin,HbCO)饱和度变化规律,为法医学实践中CO中毒死亡案件提供实验依据。方法将160只SD大鼠随机分为4组。自制染毒装置,使大鼠分别在CO浓度为1 250、3 750、6 250 mg/m~3及持续通入CO状态下染毒致死亡。观察不同CO浓度中毒大鼠的行为学特征,记录存活时间,采用分光光度法检测心血HbCO饱和度,并提取脑、心脏、肺、肝等器官进行组织病理学观察。结果 CO中毒大鼠的行为学特征表现为肢体瘫软、反应迟钝。随着CO浓度的升高,大鼠存活时间逐渐缩短,心血HbCO饱和度逐渐升高。在CO浓度为1 250 mg/m~3条件下,发现3例心血HbCO饱和度明显低于致死饱和度,其余各组未发现心血HbCO饱和度低于致死饱和度的情况。结论建立的不同浓度下CO中毒死亡动物模型,操作简单,重复性好,为进一步研究CO中毒及其他吸入性有毒气体的法医学研究奠定了基础。