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171.
Presumptive tests for blood play a critical role in the examination of physical evidence and in the determination of subsequent analysis. The catalytic power of hemoglobin allows colorimetric reactions employing phenolphthalein (Kastle‐Meyer test) to indicate “whether” blood is present. Consequently, DNA profiles extracted from phenolphthalein‐positive stains are presumed to be from blood on the evidentiary item and can lead to the identification of “whose” blood is present. Crushed nodules from a variety of legumes yielded phenolphthalein false‐positive reactions that were indistinguishable from true bloodstains both in color quality and in developmental time frame. Clothing and other materials stained by nodules also yielded phenolphthalein false‐positive reactivity for several years after nodule exposure. Nodules from leguminous plants contain a protein (leghemoglobin) which is structurally and functionally similar to hemoglobin. Testing of purified leghemoglobin confirmed this protein as a source of phenolphthalein reactivity. A scenario is presented showing how the presence of leghemoglobin from nodule staining can mislead investigators. 相似文献
172.
Laura N. Riccardi Ph.D. Rossana Lanzellotto M.Sc. Mirella Falconi M.D. Stefania Ceccardi Ph.D. Carla Bini Ph.D. Susi Pelotti M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2014,59(3):690-695
CYP2D6 polymorphism analysis is gaining increasing interest in forensic pharmacogenetics. Nevertheless, DNA recovered from forensic samples could be of poor quality and not suitable for long polymerase chain reaction required to type CYP2D6 gene prior to SNaPshot minisequencing analysis performed to define alleles with different enzymatic activity. We developed and validated following the guidelines of the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods a tetraplex PCR yielding four amplicons of 597, 803, 1142, and 1659 bp encompassing the entire CYP2D6 gene to analyze eleven SNP positions by SNaPshot minisequencing. Concordance, sensitivity, and specificity were assessed. The method, applied to thirty‐two forensic samples failed to amplify with long PCR, allowed the amplification of CYP2D6 gene in 62.5% of degraded samples. The new tetraplex PCR appears a suitable method for CYP2D6 analysis in forensic pharmacogenetics. 相似文献
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174.
汉族人群DXS9898基因座的遗传多态性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的研究汉族群体DXS9898基因座的遗传多态性,为法科学应用提供基础数据。方法应用PCR及PAG电泳技术,对成都地区汉族群体199名女性无关个体及97名男性无关个体进行群体遗传学调查。结果共检出6个等位基因,片段大小为189~214bp,其基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。家系调查证实等位基因的传递遵循孟德尔遗传规律。女性样本杂合度为0.5930;男、女性样本个人识别能力(Dp)分别为0.5667、0.9420;父-母-女三联体鉴定的非父排除率(PE)为0.5862。结论DXS9898基因座在法科学个人识别及女性小孩的亲权鉴定中具有较高的实用价值。 相似文献
175.
自20世纪80年代初至90年代中期,斯坦利·费什和罗纳德·德沃金进行了一场长达十多年的法律解释论战。该论战从德沃金的"连锁小说"隐喻开始,内容涉及法律规范的意义来源、文本和读者之间的关系、解释行为之限制甚至法律解释的道德性等更深层次的问题。费什从文艺批评和文学解释的角度对德沃金提出的批评和反驳极富启发性,他认为解释总是先在地渗透于我们的思考之中,受我们自身的镶嵌性背景所约束。这一观点无疑有助于丰富和深化人们对于法律解释性质的认识,对于正确看待解释者的自由裁量,增进对解释者解释合理性的信赖具有重要意义。 相似文献
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177.
Forensic “touch” DNA samples are low-quantity samples that are recovered from surfaces that have been touched by single or multiple individuals. These samples can include DNA from primary contributors who directly touched the surface, as well as secondary contributors whose DNA was transferred to the surface through an intermediary. It is difficult to determine the type of transfer, or how often and under what conditions DNA transfer occurs. In this paper, we present an innovative protocol that combines (1) a paired male and female transfer DNA experimental design in which the presence of male DNA indicates secondary transfer and (2) a cost-effective quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay of a sex-specific region in the Amelogenin gene to detect male and female DNA. We evaluate the ability of the Amelogenin qPCR assay to detect low concentrations of male and female DNA in mixed samples. We also test experimental DNA samples using our transfer DNA protocol to differentiate primary and secondary DNA transfer. Male DNA was detected in the majority of known mixed samples, even in samples with 4× more female DNA—this result demonstrates the ability to detect low concentrations of male DNA and the presence of secondary transfer DNA in our experimental design. Primary DNA transfer was detected in 100% of our experimental trials and secondary DNA transfer was detected in 37.5% of trials. Our innovative protocol mimics realistic case scenarios to establish rates of primary and secondary DNA transfer in an inexpensive and simplified manner. 相似文献
178.
猪流行性腹泻病毒SYBRⅠ实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
参考GenBank上登录的猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)株的ORF3基因序列保守型片段设计特异性引物,建立了检测PEDV的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量RT-PCR方法。在4.32×102~4.22×107copies范围内,它有很好的线性关系,其扩增相关系数为0.999,扩增效率为99%,扩增产物的熔解曲线只出现1个特异峰,无引物二聚体,熔解温度为82.23℃±0.19℃。它对传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒、猪细小病毒、猪流感病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、猪瘟病毒均检测不到荧光信号,表明其特异性强。该方法的组内变异系数为0.05%~0.87%,组间变异系数为0.32%~1.24%,重复性好。结果表明,建立的SYBRⅠ实时荧光定量RT-PCR为PEDV早期感染的诊断及定量分析提供了新的方法。 相似文献
179.
180.
Muradiye Nacak M.D. Aysun B. Isir M.D. Sibel O. Balci Ph.D. Sacide Pehlivan Ph.D. Necla Benlier M.D. Sukru Aynacioglu M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(6):1621-1624
Abstract: The gene encoding the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) has been suggested as a candidate gene for substance dependence. In this study, the possible association between Taq1A and Taq1B DRD2 polymorphisms and cannabinoid dependence was investigated. One hundred and twelve cannabinoid addicted and 130 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The Taq1A and Taq1B genotypes were determined in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction. For each polymorphism (A or B), the subjects were categorized into three groups according to their genotype, that is, the subjects with alleles A1/A1, A1/A2, A2/A2; B1/B1, B1/B2, and B2/B2. A significant association was found between Taq1A gene polymorphism and cannabinoid addicts compared to the control subjects. This finding suggests that polymorphism of the Taq1A, but not the Taq1B, may be associated with the susceptibility to cannabinoid dependence. Further clinical studies are required to be carried out for confirmation and evaluation of these findings. 相似文献