Weight References for Burned Human Skeletal Remains from Portuguese Samples

Weight is often one of the few recoverable data when analyzing human cremains but references are still rare, especially for European populations. Mean weights for skeletal remains were thus documented for Portuguese modern cremations of both recently deceased individuals and dry skeletons, and the effect of age, sex, and the intensity of combustion was investigated using both multivariate and univariate statistics. The cremains from fresh cadavers were significantly heavier than the ones from dry skeletons regardless of sex and age cohort (p < 0.001 to p = 0.003). As expected, males were heavier than females and age had a powerful effect in female skeletal weight. The effect of the intensity of combustion in cremains weight was unclear. These weight references may, in some cases, help estimating the minimum number of individuals, the completeness of the skeletal assemblage, and the sex of an unknown individual.     

Measurement of Postmortem Pupil Size: A New Method with Excellent Reliability and Its Application to Pupil Changes in the Early Postmortem Period

Measurement of postmortem pupil width is a potential component of death time estimation. However, no standardized measurement method has been described. We analyzed a total of 71 digital images for pupil–iris ratio using the software ImageJ. Images were analyzed three times by four different examiners. In addition, serial images from 10 cases were taken between 2 and 50 h postmortem to detect spontaneous pupil changes. Intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of the method was excellent (ICC > 0.95). The method is observer independent and yields consistent results, and images can be digitally stored and re‐evaluated. The method seems highly eligible for forensic and scientific purposes. While statistical analysis of spontaneous pupil changes revealed a significant polynomial of quartic degree for postmortem time (p = 0.001), an obvious pattern was not detected. These results do not indicate suitability of spontaneous pupil changes for forensic death time estimation, as formerly suggested.     

19世纪民族地方志描述视角的变迁--以乾隆、道光、光绪本《凤凰厅志》比较研究为例

19世纪,是中南、西南许多少数民族接受流官统治100余年之后的一个世纪,也是少数民族调整文化结构、迎接新世纪挑战的一个世纪.在这很关键的一个世纪中,这些流官(中央派来的社会精英群体)将把少数民族导向何方?本文通过对19世纪民族地方志描述视角变迁的叙述,试图从一个侧面为这个问题提供一些答案.     

交易中的物权归属确定

一般认为的确权案件仅指相邻疆界争议或者权属历史不清的案件 ,而非现实交易中的物权确定案件。但因交易产生的物权确定案件才对国计民生具有重要意义 ,而我国过去的立法和以及法理在这方面却相当混乱。应当否定以合同确权的做法 ,因为合同只是债权变动的根据 ,其效力不足以发生物权变动的效果 ;仅仅依据不动产登记确定不动产物权具有有限性 ,应该按照物权的意思表示确定其权利归属。     

试论我国中小企业信息化与管理变革

在市场竞争日趋激烈的今天,信息化已成为企业提高其核心竞争能力的有力武器。本文结合我国中小企业信息化的现状和特点,针对在中小企业信息化进程中所面临的问题,分析了中小企业信息化对企业管理带来的影响,从管理科学的角度分析我国中小企业信息化带来的对企业管理的变革,为将来我国中小企业信息化建设提供参考。     

驾驶员应如何应对突变

突变是交通中的一种普遍现象,交通事故往往发生在突变时刻。因此,驾驶员学会掌握交通运行中所发生的突变的先兆和正确应对突变的基本修养,是预防交通事故的根本对策。     

中国工会研究 40 年 —— 对国内工会研究基本脉络与特点的评述

对国内近40年间的中国工会研究文献进行分析发现,中国工会研究一直表现出强烈的时代特点和现实关怀,其学术规范性在日趋增强,研究内容和方向也趋于多样化。今后中国工会研究应将结构分析与机制分析相结合,同时应加入历史维度。     

受虐待致死儿童的眼内改变

作者收集了美国洛杉矶市1984年4月至1987年2月受虐待致死儿童案例39例,非虐待致死对照73例。摘取双侧眼球在美国南加里福尼亚大学医学院眼科病理室进行组织病理学检查。在受虐待致死儿童中,发生眼内改变者约占64%。其眼内改变主要是视网膜各层的出血,玻璃体的出血,视网膜剥离,视神经乳头水肿或出血,视神经鞘内的出血和晶体的外伤性白内障。对照案例中,眼内有改变者约占28%。其改变主要为视网膜及其它眼内出血,视神经乳头水肿等,并多见于交通事故及其它易于引起头部外伤的意外。将受虐待致死小儿眼内改变与尸体解剖所见联系起来考虑,引起眼内改变的机理最重要的是头部的外伤及挥鞭样综合征。     

关于证人翻证问题的思考

证人翻证的种类和原因颇为复杂。证人翻证后与当庭陈述相矛盾的庭前陈述在一定条件下可分别作为独立证据和弹劾证据使用;非法的庭前陈述既不能作为独立证据也不能作为弹劾证据使用。对证人伪证罪刑事责任的追究必须遵循特别的程序规定。     

The effects of the second Intifada,terrorist acts,and economic changes on adolescent crime rates in Israel: A research note

Designed as a field quasi-experiment, this study analyzes the differences in Jewish adolescent crime rates before and after the inception of the second Intifada (September, 2000). Data covers the years between 1996 and 2003. The study focused on the relationship between the number of terrorist acts, the number of deaths in these acts, economic changes, and crime rates (murder, manslaughter, assault, mugging and robbery and property-related). The findings of the study were analyzed in terms of current theories on the impact of social and security-related stress on adolescents. The results show that the second Intifada has had significant effects on male adolescent crime rates. In particular, the number of terrorist acts was significantly associated with the following offences: assault, robbery, and manslaughter. No significant differences were found for adolescent female crime rates. Economic changes were significantly negatively related both to male adolescent crime for all the offences studied, as well as to property-related female offences.