External Interventions in Post-Cold War Africa, 1989–2010

The study of external interventions in conflict management is critical and has implications for international relations and conflict theory. Quantitative studies of the relationship between external interventions and civil war have been prone to some conceptual limitations (understudied lower-intensity periods) and data limitations (unavailability of event battle death data). This article presents a new external interventions data set covering the period between 1989 and 2010 for Africa, building on the Regan et al. (2009) data set, which covers the period between 1945 and 1999. Novel features of this new data set are: the recoding of the overlap period; a broader range of categories of intervention, including UN and non-UN missions; and wider temporal scope, by extending the period of analysis to 2010, by lowering the civil war threshold to 25 battle deaths, and by starting the conflict period from the date of the first battle death in each civil war (based on UCDP GED version-1.5-2011). The advantages of the data set are illustrated with an analysis of the different effects interventions have on high- and low-intensity conflict periods.     

Rebel Behavior in the Context of Interstate Competition: Exploring Day-to-Day Patterns of Political Violence in Africa

This study develops a day-to-day theory of political violence that predicts that rebels respond strategically to the onset of interstate conflict that is directly related to a civil war. Government-initiated interstate conflict is theorized to incentivize rebels to signal their resolve, willingness to bear costs, and vulnerability of government forces. In addition, this form of interstate conflict is predicted to decrease violence against civilian populations, as it makes it more likely that rebels will need to rely on civilians for resources in the future. This is contrary to interstate conflict initiated by an external state, as this signal of third-party support makes civilian support more dispensable from the perspective of a rebel movement. Using a country-day data set constructed from event data, evidence is presented that is consistent with this theoretical logic. Interstate conflict, therefore, is shown to play a significant role in explaining the variation of violent events that occur on a day-to-day basis during a civil conflict.     

检察官相对独立论

法学界一般认为,"人民检察院依照法律规定独立行使检察权"中的"独立"是指检察院作为整体的独立,而非检察官独立.但实际上,检察官相对独立具有检察制度内在的必然性和现实的必要性:它是检察院整体独立的基础,是"检察一体"的前提和防止"检察一体"弊端的重要措施,是检察官法律地位、活动原则、司法规律和深化司法体制改革的必然要求.检察官相对独立是依法独立,是党的领导、人大监督和"检察一体"下的独立,是"独立"与"受制"的有机统一.     

服务型政府建设的民主行政维度

服务型政府和民主行政之间有着内在逻辑的一致性。服务型政府建设重要的不在于预设的规范和特定的模式,而在于以公民和社会为本位,体现公共行政的民主价值。在本质上,为人民服务是我国服务型政府的民主行政实质。在实践中,服务型政府建设的民主行政维度主要体现在以追求公共利益为核心理念,实行服务行政、阳光行政、领导行政、法治行政、回应行政。     

从革命到改革到创新——兼论“三个代表”与创新

毛泽东同志革命观、邓小平同志改革观与江泽民同志创新观是中国共产党三代中央领导集体形成的各具时代特色的历史动力观,三者前后相继,坚持了历史逻辑的一致性。新的历史时期,江泽民同志创新观具有特殊历史意义,是实践“三个代表”重要思想的要求,是对马克思主义唯物史观、特别是历史动力观的发展。     

发挥工会桥梁纽带作用积极推进高校后勤改革

高校工会在后勤社会化改革中,应发挥桥梁、纽带作用,积极推进改革,协助解决人事问题,引导职工转变观念,维护职工合法权益,协调利益关系,消除矛盾,凝聚人心.同时,创新后勤文化,增强后勤职工的竞争意识,提高竞争能力和服务质量,更好地为教学科研、生活提供优质的服务.     

科学发展观与高等教育创新

科学发展观是我国近期提出的一个全新的社会发展理念。它必将对我国各项事业的发展起重要的指导作用 ,对高等教育创新和改革更是如此。教育是培养人的社会活动 ,高等教育是民族的创新之源。面对新形势的迫切需要 ,高等教育必须锐意改革 ,以人为本 ,健康发展 ,为社会持续发展作出贡献     

我国社会保障制度改革的路径选择

社会保障制度作为市场经济不可或缺的组成部分,是有效的社会稳定机制。在经济全球化背景下,我国原有的社会保障制度已经不能适应市场经济与社会发展的要求,亟待予以完善。本文分析了我国社会保障制度在当前改革中遇到的种种难题,并提出了解决这些难题的具体措施。     

对加强个人所得税征管的思考

我国个人所得税经过十几年的实施,在征管方面取得了较大成效,但个人所得税作为国家调节个人收入分配的主要手段,还未充分发挥出其作用,在个人所得税制、计征方法、税率、征收方式、费用扣除标准等方面存在许多问题。应当从个人所得税税制、征管手段、加强协税护税、制定一系列激励措施回报纳税人等方面给予改进。     

政治文明建设的本质和途径

政治文明是人类文明整体的重要组成部分。在中国,政治文明建设应始终立足于中国国情,以先进文化为重要依托,以民主政治建设和法制建设为主要内容,以积极稳妥地推进和深化政治体制改革为基本途径,促进社会的全面发展和进步,最终实现社会自主。