Sex Differences in Age Patterns of Delinquent/Criminal Careers: Results from Poisson Latent Class Analyses of the Philadelphia Cohort Study

Applications of latent class analyses to the study of criminal careers have yielded results with implications for criminological theory. Distinct latent classes of individuals within various samples have been identified based upon the similarity of individuals with respect to their rate of offending across the teen and adult years, net of the effects of other regressors. In previous research on samples of males taken from the cities of London and Philadelphia, four and five such categories have been identified respectively, ranging from a group of nonoffenders to a group of chronic offenders. However, the question of whether similar findings hold for females has not been adequately addressed, in part due to the scarcity of longitudinal samples with sizable female populations. Data from the Second Philadelphia Cohort are used to address this and related questions. First, are there latent classes of female offenders? Second, if such categories do exist, how do they compare? Third, how do classes of male and female offenders compare on key measures of criminal careers? Analyses of the samples yield differing numbers of classes for males and females. Gender invariances as well as differences in patterns of offending are also found and are discussed.     

谈在素质教育中如何把握课堂教学

面对世界的高速发展和激烈竞争,我国的教育理念、教育思想、教育模式等都比较落后,与当前的市场经济发展不相适应。现代教育提倡素质教育,注重全面发展,公安教育应顺应教育发展的潮流,转变教育观念,把握素质教育的精髓,注重课堂教学,在课堂教学中进行大胆改革,重视学员素质的全面发展,才能培养出具有理想人格、创新精神和实践能力的新型警察。     

贯彻依靠方针突出维护职责开创工会工作新局面--学习《毛泽东邓小平江泽民论工人阶级和工会工作》体会

党中央三代领导人关于工代阶级与工会思想一脉相承,与时俱进,闪烁着辩证唯物主义、历史唯物主义的思想光辉.认真学习毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民关于工人阶级与工会思想,对于保持党的先进性,全面开创工会工作新局面具有重大的指导意义.     

The Impact of a Break-Through Rule on European Firms

We analyze the impact of a 75 pct. Break-Through rule on 1,035 European firms with dual class shares. In 3–5 pct. of the firms the controlling owners incur a direct loss of control, while in another 11–17 pct. of the firms, the controlling owners are likely to incur a loss of control. Firms in Germany, Italy and the Scandinavian countries are more likely to incur a loss of control. The restrictions that the Break-Through rule put on the ability of these firms to issue new shares to outsiders without changing the control structure are also estimated. We conclude that a significant number of firms with dual class shares in the European Union will be affected by a 75 pct. Break-Through rule.     

中国有权刑法司法解释模式评判

依据中国相关法律的规定 ,中国有权刑法司法解释采取“二元一级抽象式”的解释模式。此模式将检察机关设定为刑法司法解释主体具有不合理性 ;解释级别与人员的设定具有不合理性 ;解释的抽象方式不具有合理性。作为改变中国有权刑法解释的方案 ,建立一元 (法院 )个体 (法官 )判决 (判决理由的形式 )式的有权刑法解释模式是合理的。这种改变又需要相应的制度支撑。因此 ,中国有权刑法司法解释模式的改变 ,依赖于中国司法体制的改革 ,它是中国司法体制改革的一环。     

From benevolent maternalism to the market logic: exploring discursive boundary making in domestic work relations in India

Framed within a discussion of boundary work and its many facets, this article develops a critical understanding of the discourses that shape the material and symbolic hierarchies of power asserted by employers of domestic workers in Indian households. We analyze the nature of discourses that are mobilized in the boundary work practiced by different groups of employers in India as they negotiate their relationships with their domestic workers. Drawing on fieldwork in Mumbai and Chennai, our analysis outlines two different discourses within the nature of boundary work – one centered on the trope of benevolent maternalism and another which mobilizes a market-based trope – and delineate how these diverge and converge in the relationship between employers and domestic workers. We also show how these discourses differ according to two key factors: on the one hand, whether the employers hire full-time or part-time workers, and on the other hand, the specific positional attributes of the employers in terms of age, occupation, and family background. We argue that these two discursive categories are not watertight compartments, but are located on a spectrum, and that employers therefore exhibit elements of both maternalism and market-based approaches within the relationship with their workers.     

Voting after war: Legacy of conflict and the economy as determinants of electoral support in Croatia

In spite of a rapidly expanding literature on democratization, elections, and conflict, we lack systematic understanding of what determines electoral results in post-conflict societies. This article offers a novel initiative in revealing electoral patterns in states recuperating from painful experiences of war by analyzing data from more than 500 Croatian municipalities during five post-war electoral cycles. While the findings suggest voters do respond to parties' economic policies, the underlying pattern of electoral support demonstrates that competition is heavily constrained by the legacy of conflict, with the communities more exposed to the violence being more likely to vote for the principal party of the center-right which led the country into independence and throughout the war. This tendency exhibits a remarkable level of stability over time, which suggests conflict dynamics can become firmly embedded in post-conflict democratic electoral competition – even in societies that are not ethnically diverse.     

国企二次改革与双层股权结构的运用

在经历了十年相对停滞后,国企改革再次被提上了日程,混合所有制企业将成为国企二次改革的重要突破口。但在国有资本不具有控股地位的情况下,混合所有制企业社会政策目标与经营目标之间的冲突凸显,如何达成二者之间的平衡关系到国企改革的成败。双层股权结构模式能够在实现国有资本淡出的同时,保有国家对特殊领域内的企业实施必要的控制,这与国企二次改革的核心任务相契合,可以通过适用对象、适用范围的限制,结合配套制度的完善,在将其风险降至最低的前提下加以运用。     

Compared to what? Media-guided reference points and relative economic voting

The idea of the relative economy, or benchmarking economic voting, has been around for a long time. However, the choice of international benchmark(s) remains underspecified, especially in cross-national and time-series studies. This paper argues that the selection process of benchmark(s) should be guided by the theory suggesting that voters benchmark countries that are similar, familiar, and connected, and that media guide voters to appreciate these reference points. Using domestic media coverage from Lexis-Nexis spanning 22 languages, 29 democracies, and over 30 years, this research identifies the unique reference points across time and space. Analysis of this novel dataset shows that voters react strongly to relative economic performance when they make vote choices. Moreover, the benchmarking effects become more pronounced with highly educated populations, but are not affected by clarity of responsibility.     

邓中夏工会建设思想析述

作为中国共产党早期杰出工人运动领袖之一,邓中夏非常重视工人阶级组织建设,他对工会建设等问题提出了独到见解,并形成了比较完整的理论。