猪瘟病毒囊膜蛋白基因pcDNA4.0-E重组质粒的构建及其对小鼠的免疫原性

以猪瘟病毒石门株RNA序列为模板,应用RT-PCR方法,克隆得到猪瘟病毒囊膜蛋白E0-E2cDNA全序列,并将其与真核表达质粒pcDNA4.0定向连接,构建了重组质粒pcDNA4.0-E。经提纯后,给试验组小鼠后肢胫前肌注射pcDNA4.0-E,每只100μg,15 d后再注射1次,同时设空白对照组。于二免后第10、203、0 d分别扑杀小鼠,进行免疫小鼠脾和外周血淋巴细胞的转化增殖试验,并用间接ELISA法检测血清抗体水平。结果显示,与空白对照组相比,所构建的重组质粒能够极显著增强小鼠脾细胞和外周血淋巴细胞的增殖(P<0.01),血清抗体水平从二免后的第10 d开始逐渐升高,且极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。说明该重组质粒能够诱导小鼠产生特异性免疫反应。     

论徐志摩诗歌的古典浪漫主义精神

徐志摩的诗歌继承并发展了中国古典诗歌浪漫主义的抒情传统,将浪漫主义的理想追求纳入古典主义的艺术形式之中,实现了“浪漫”与“古典”的完美统一。本文从意象与意境的生成,音韵、节奏与复沓手法所造成的音乐美以及诗歌体式的创新上阐述徐志摩诗歌对于古典浪漫主义的传承,探讨其诗作获得永恒艺术魅力的原因。     

诗意红楼－－试论《红楼梦》的诗性本质

小说<红楼梦>是中国诗性思维在小说中的集中体现,与诗呈现出一种血缘的关系.<红楼梦>的叙事艺术中表现出来的抒情性、感伤气质和典雅风格,无不体现出与诗的内在一致性和诗化的美感追求.     

马基雅维利政体学说探究

意大利人文主义思想家马基雅维利以世俗、经验的眼光,基于实人性的深层分析,具体探讨了君主专制集权的必要性及其取胜和维持的手段,将统一意大利的使命赋予君主专制,后又分析了古罗马和国何以强盛的原因,指出政体循环的普遍规律,并把混合式共和政体作为理想的政体。     

European Monarchies: Guardians of Democracy?

How is it possible to account for the continuing presence of monarchy in advanced social democracies? Much traditional political science assumes teleologically that monarchies inevitably transform into republics as a higher form of governance. This comparative study of the eight main European monarchies maintains otherwise: monarchy is perfectly compatible with democracy, and can help strengthen citizens’ loyalty to the system of government. Provided it delivers a politically impartial head of state, monarchy can endure indefinitely with government and popular support. In practice, the countries studied are de facto republics, but with hereditary heads of state who occupy social roles beyond the reach of quotidian politics. Monarchy’s principal danger is not republicanism, but the pressures of conflicting expectations about what is required of royal families, and the relentless intrusions of modern media in an age when royalty and celebrity are in danger of being conflated. Responses to Covid-19 show how monarchs can speak to and for their nations in ways no partisan politician can.     

Alternatives to the constitution of Cádiz in New Spain: republicanism and the insurgent constitutional decree of Apatzingán (1814)

This article compares the Decreto Constitucional para la libertad de la América Mexicana, published in Apatzingán by the insurgents of New Spain in 1814, with the 1812 Constitution of Cádiz which established a constitutional monarchy in the Spanish Empire. It argues that the Decreto Constitucional cannot be understood as simply a product of Hispanic political thought and a reflection of the Cádiz text. Rather, it contends that the decree published in Apatzingán represents an alternative republican response to the dissolution of the Spanish monarchy. This alternate constitutional settlement drew on the debate of constitutional ideas that had taken place in New Spain since 1808 and was grounded in many of the same ideas as those present in the Pennsylvanian Constitution of 1776 and the first French republican constitutions of 1793 and 1795.     

西方古典共和主义的历史流变

作为西方历史与文化传统的重要组成部分,古典共和主义自古代希腊和罗马以来,其思想和实践不断得到丰富和发展,中世纪后期,形成了较为完整的古典共和主义理论,为近代共和主义的诞生乃至发展提供了理论和实践的基础。     

现代英国法治理论的古典思想背景 --理性自由主义法治观的兴起

构成现代英国法治理论的古典思想背景,是以理性自由主义法治观为其鲜明特色的.政治哲学家霍布斯设计的法治理论是以自然法则为先决条件的强大的政治社会结构.古典自由主义法治的奠基人洛克承袭了典型的不列颠经验主义和妥协传统,其思想对人类的社会政治生活和思维方式产生了直接的无法估量的影响.哲学家体漠对英国法治理论的贡献主要是对洛克的政治社会就是法治社会的发扬光大.普通法法治主义奠基人布莱克斯通则主要以其不朽的<英国法释义>和其普通法法治理论名扬海内外.     

马克思主义经典作家社会管理思想探索

马克思、恩格斯、列宁的理论著作和社会实践蕴含着丰富的社会管理思想。马克思、恩格斯通过考察资本主义民主制,结合国际共产主义运动的发展和经验,在批判资本主义管理制度基础上,对共产主义社会管理进行了预测。十月革命后,面对严峻的国际形势和国内发展状况,列宁对苏俄社会主义建设问题进行了实践探索,形成了社会主义社会管理的重要思想。经典作家的社会管理思想对我们当前的社会管理仍具有现实的借鉴意义。     

Marx’s critical political economy, ‘Marxist economics’ and actually occurring revolutions against capitalism

Abstract

Most revolutions against capitalism have occurred in ‘backward’ and Third World societies, and they have divided and disarrayed Marxisms in the West. One key reason, this paper argues, is intellectual. When, long ago, Marxists surrendered to the bourgeois challenge to Marx – neoclassical economics – developing, in place of Marx’s critical political economy, a ‘Marxist economics’, they lost touch with Marx’s analysis of capitalism as contradictory value production. That analysis could illuminate how capitalism’s contradictions drive its imperialist expansionism and how and why resistance to it must, equally necessarily, take national forms. As a result, major currents of Marxism in the West either have paid attention to imperialism and anti-imperialist resistance but without Marx’s analysis of capitalism as contradictory value production or have insisted that their (mistaken) conception of Marx’s analysis implies that capitalism has no necessary connection with imperialism. Neither tradition can actually develop Marxism to comprehend the actual historical record of revolutions since Marx’s time. Neither can inform new mobilisations against capitalism, whether in or outside its homelands. It is high time we return to Marx’s analysis of capitalism as value production and develop it.