Legitimate Power in a Mediated Age: Revisiting Carl J. Friedrich's “Authority,Reason and Discretion”

Although scholars of political communication study legitimacy and power consistently, we often overlook older works on the topic from political theory and philosophy that might give us guidance in a mediated age. Friedrich was a contemporary of Lazarsfeld, Merton, and so many of the great 20th-century social scientists we look to as providing the foundations for our field. This essay asks that we go back to Friedrich as well, and to others who found authority to be one of our most complex and important social phenomena.     

猪瘟病毒石门株E2蛋白的单抗制备及抗原表位鉴定

用猪瘟病毒石门株E2(SM-E2)的BC区原核表达蛋白为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,应用杂交瘤技术制备单抗,测定其效价并鉴定抗原表位。结果表明,制备了1株持续、稳定分泌抗SM-E2的单克隆抗体2B10,效价在1∶600～1∶1 000之间。单抗2B10能与常规SDS-PAGE转膜的SM-E2蛋白发生反应,表明其识别的是线性表位,并且该单抗只能识别石门毒株,而不能与C株疫苗及2型流行毒株发生反应。点突变E2蛋白ELISA分析结果表明,该单抗不与707、709、711、713和714位突变蛋白发生反应,表明单抗2B10识别的线性表位为707I-X-P-X-G-X-G-G714。该单抗对猪瘟病毒抗原多样性分析和致病机制研究有一定的应用价值。     

猪瘟病毒NASBA-ELISA检测方法的建立与应用

为建立猪瘟病毒NASBA-ELISA检测方法,以猪瘟病毒(CSFV)E2基因为研究对象,利用Prim-er 5.0和Blastn生物软件,设计并合成了特异的核酸序列依赖扩增(NASBA)引物和探针。经条件优化,确定的最佳扩增反应条件为42℃,反应1.5h。临床检测结果显示,用该方法可特异地扩增CSFV E2基因约155bp的目的片段,而对TGEV、PRRSV、PCV2、PPV、PEDV、APP和PK-15正常细胞等核酸的检测均为阴性,可最低检出1×100～1×101 copies/μL,其灵敏度比RT-PCR略高。应用该方法对采自重庆部分地区猪场的125份样品进行了检测;结果,猪瘟病毒阳性检出率为5.6%,NASBA-ELISA法与RT-PCR法的检出符合率为94.4%。结果表明,NASBA-ELISA方法可应用于CSFV的快速鉴别检测。     

猪瘟病毒感染的小型猪体内病毒的复制情况及淋巴细胞变化

用106 TCID50CSFV石门株感染巴马小型猪,通过监测被感染猪的临床体温、观察其病理变化、检测猪瘟病毒在体内的复制情况、检查猪瘟病毒感染后对外周血淋巴细胞增殖的影响,并分析外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞的动态变化,以确定巴马小型猪对CSFV的敏感性。结果,攻毒后第3天被感染的巴马小型猪出现病毒血症,并在第7天就已达到1×106 copies/μL以上;腹股沟淋巴结中病毒含量最高,颌下淋巴结次之。淋巴细胞增殖试验表明,用固定剂量的刀豆素刺激,被感染的巴马小型猪外周血淋巴细胞增殖出现不同程度降低;其外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞的比例降低。结果表明,巴马小型猪可以作为CSFV的感染模型。     

现代化理论的发展进程与新近探索

作为一个重要的学术研究领域,现代化理论兴起于20世纪50年代。由于其自身存在的缺陷,它自产生之后就受到了一些不同方面的批判。在经过自我反思和修正之后,现代化理论步入了一个更新和完善的时期。20世纪70年代之后,西方发达国家在发展进程中出现的新状况与问题,对经典现代化理论提出了挑战,因此,适应时代和社会发展的需要,产生了可称之为高度现代化理论的一些具体形式。高度现代化理论对于经典现代化理论是一种超越,同时对于现代化理论又是一种扩展。     

Repraesentatio identitatis : l’idée de représentation politique en débat dans la République de Genève lors de la crise de 1707

In the Republic of Geneva, the Small Council and the Great Council considered themselves to be representative of the people, although they were not elected by citizens, but were mutually co-opted instead. There were still elections by the General Council, the assembly of all burgesses and citizens, but they were only meant to promote the members of these co-opted councils to particular magistracies. During the political crisis of 1707, government thinkers tried to justify in theory this conception of representation, which is similar to what the German legal philosopher Hasso Hofmann called repraesentatio identitatis. For them, the Small and the Great Councils were inherently representative of the people owing to their large numbers and their concern for the public interest. The main thinkers of the ‘popular party' not only rejected this argument, but also advocated an alternative political model, with a redistribution of powers between the Councils and the restoration in practice of the sovereignty of the General Council, which it should directly exert. On either side, no project of representative government – in the sense that the Small and the Great Councils would be elected by the people – was ever put forward in these debates.     

Solidarity,equality, and freedom in Pettit’s republicanism

This article discusses Pettit’s views of social justice and political legitimacy in On the People’s Terms. Although Pettit’s book presents a powerful account of the ideal of nondomination, this article probes some deficiencies regarding important questions about solidarity, equality, and feasibility.     

The Ethical Effect of the Omniscient Viewpoint in the Classical Novels

Omniscient viewpoint is widely used in classical novels, and it brings several dimension of ethical effects: Firstly, it is convenient to do ethic leading in stories. Secondly, presenting the ethic purpose through changing viewpoint. Thirdly, analyzing the unknown situation in ethic way. These effects always make classical novels moral meaning.     

基层自治的自由理论——以马克思的自由观为主导

相较于自由主义的理解而言，马克思主义对于自治的理解更为精辟和深刻。马克思的自治观认为，在自治诸要素中联合的因素远重要于管理的因素，马克思主义认为自治的管理仅仅是实现自由人联合的手段或者途径，管理不是目的，自治的管理最终是为了促进个体联合的集体自由；自由的集体是以自治个体的联合为其存在前提的，这种自治个体的联合必须要超越血缘自然及其衍生的专制统治的束缚，以及以物和物的商品交换所形成的资本异化的压制。     

从公共行政的视角看共和主义

本文探讨了在公共行政领域，公共性生成过程中共和主义思想占据何位置，并且是如何提供了资源供给。