经济学的演变和发展--对理性主义的回顾与反思

霍布斯宣扬赤裸裸的利己主义,斯密则把个人的自利行为纳入经济学的分析框架内,但他对理性的理解掺杂着道德、历史和文化诸因素.新古典经济学把理性变成最大化价值的代名词,这对一贯强调历史对人类行为重要性的马歇尔是痛苦的.尽管对经济学理性主义的批判由来已久,但贝克尔、诺斯等人的努力开始了经济学理性主义的扩张."囚徒困境"是对理性主义的致命一击,如何化解这种冲突成为经济学发展的关键.对经济学理性主义的回顾与反思表明,在坚持成本收益分析的基础上,必须重回古典,这是经济学演变和发展的方向.     

Mainstream Revolutionaries: Sinn Féin as a “Normal” Political Party?

Despite the seismic shift of Sinn Féin from being the “mouthpiece” of the Provisional Irish Republican Army to the largest nationalist force in Northern Ireland, the party continues to project its objectives within the revolutionary politics and tradition of 1916. Whilst various groups across the island of Ireland stress their loyalty to Irish independence and allegiance to their republican forefathers, 2016 also plays host to devolved assembly elections in Northern Ireland. The centenary of the Easter Rising is therefore a poignant moment to reassess republican politics, more specifically, the relationship between the armed revolutionary tradition and constitutionalism. Within the post-peace process era Sinn Féin have been accused of maintaining an autocratic culture and an intra-party framework that is more representative of a clandestine revolutionary organisation than a political party. Yet, simultaneously, Sinn Féin have not been immune to the pressures experienced by other modern political parties, bound by the laws of electoral competition and driven by office-seeking priorities. In order to explore Sinn Féin within the modern political arena, this article firstly examines the broader debate surrounding how armed groups make the transition into constitutional politics. Secondly, public opinion survey data is used to judge the basis of Sinn Féin's electoral appeal. Finally, internal party documents are used to examine party structure, intra-party democracy, and professionalisation in order to judge the extent to which Sinn Féin have completed the transition from being a “mouthpiece” to their armed counterpart, towards being a “normal” political party.     

Fighting Talk: The Statements of “The IRA/New IRA”

With the advent of the new violent dissident merger, “The IRA/New IRA,” the group and its affiliates have had to legitimise their new existence. They have utilised the maintenance of paramilitary activity to achieve this. However, they have also produced a number of organisational statements, justifying their position, tactics, and strategies. This article analyses the evolution of these statements, both pre and post-merger from 2007 to 2015. 126 individual statements and four magazines are analysed using grounded theory. This analysis found that the statements have a dual strategy, aiming to foster trust in the movement and distrust in their perceived enemies. One of the dominant ways in which the group aims to foster trust is by proposing their possession of an historical mandate from the republican forefathers of 1916, as well as the internally lauded paramilitaries from The Troubles-era Provisional Irish Republican Army. The focus of the distrust narrative has been on the “constitutional nationalism” of Sinn Féin. However, it also pours scorn on the Police Service of Northern Ireland, and capitalism, across the island of Ireland. The analysis of these statements can provide us with an understanding of the future direction of the group, as well as giving us insight, which can inform the development of any counter-narrative.     

猪瘟病毒E2糖蛋白A1亚区抗原性分析

采用Bac to Bac杆状病毒表达系统 ,对猪瘟病毒A抗原区内的 2 74 4～ 2 94 7nt基因片段(EC)进行了克隆、表达 ,并分析了表达产物的抗原性。研究发现 ,EC表达产物能与抗猪瘟病毒Al fort毒株E2蛋白的中和性单克隆抗体c2 4 10、a18发生特异性结合 ,且用其免疫动物后能诱导机体产生中和抗体。结果表明 ,A1抗原亚区位于E2蛋白 791～ 85 8位氨基酸区域。     

严复的古文书写与语言伦理

严复的古文书写与语言伦理可以从三个方面来观照:一是其声与神会与讲求事理的文章观,因其事理内涵的变化突破了八股文书写的某些边界;二是严复古文书写中蕴含的新机和压制性因素;最后是其古文书写中的语言伦理观念。借此可以概括从晚清至五四时期严复的文与言的基本面貌和价值取向。     

The Meeting of Narrative Ethics and Chinese Classical Novels

In the post－classical narratology and the context of rhetoric revival, there is a remarkable characteristic that the study of narrative has turned to ethics. In terms of the current study in China, the academia has paid more attention to the narrative ethics in contemporary novels and ignored that in classical novels. The classical novels’ concern for the ethics qualifies them as novels containing the most typical Chinese characteristics. Studying the narrative ethics in these novels not only provides a strategy for interpreting classical novels, but also shows our ethical attitude towards narratives in classical novels.     

试析古典自然法学的自然法观念

在自然法学的发展阶段,包括古代自然学、中世纪神学时期的自然法学、古典自然法学,近现代自然法学,其中古典自然法学时期的自然法学的理论是最为杰出的,它是建立在批判中世纪神学的自然法学基础上形成的,以人的眼光来分析问题、研究问题,这一时期自然法的理论十分完善,为西方世界的文明法治的发展奠定了重要的思想基础。为了掌握古典自然法学的理论内容,本文分析了古典自然法学中的自然法观念的起源、特征、意义以及局限之处。     

叙事理论的发展与审美文化叙述学

叙事理论的发展正经历着从 2 0世纪七八十年代的经典叙述学向后经典叙述学的转变 ,并从 90年代后陆续出现了叙述学的多种分支 ,从而扩大了其研究范围 ,更新了研究方法。提出审美文化叙述学这一新的学科分支的构想 ,意图使局限于叙述本文范围内的研究不仅涉及本文自身 ,而且扩展到与叙述本文密切相关的多重语境 ,从而进一步丰富叙述学的理论与实践。     

浅谈文言文词汇教学

文言文跟现代的书面语有着很大的区别,理解起来有较大难度。在教学中把它分成类:一类是生命力很强,使用频率较高的,另一类是偶而出现,使用率较低的,还有一类是几乎不用,被淘汰了的。文言文里语言教学的重点是词汇。要根据在文言或现代汉语合成词出现频率紧抓常用实词,力求做到会读、会写、会讲、会翻译,务必重视积累。即便是不常用或被淘汰的词也得适当注意。辨析词义是词汇教学的重点,有时要讲清本义,注意各个词义的联系和区别,能收到举一反三的效果。