全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 5850篇 |
| 免费 | 141篇 |
专业分类
| 各国政治 | 404篇 |
| 工人农民 | 153篇 |
| 世界政治 | 503篇 |
| 外交国际关系 | 868篇 |
| 法律 | 1130篇 |
| 中国共产党 | 136篇 |
| 中国政治 | 519篇 |
| 政治理论 | 1423篇 |
| 综合类 | 855篇 |
出版年
| 2025年 | 6篇 |
| 2024年 | 87篇 |
| 2023年 | 116篇 |
| 2022年 | 36篇 |
| 2021年 | 98篇 |
| 2020年 | 232篇 |
| 2019年 | 252篇 |
| 2018年 | 288篇 |
| 2017年 | 340篇 |
| 2016年 | 266篇 |
| 2015年 | 177篇 |
| 2014年 | 291篇 |
| 2013年 | 727篇 |
| 2012年 | 415篇 |
| 2011年 | 299篇 |
| 2010年 | 238篇 |
| 2009年 | 259篇 |
| 2008年 | 314篇 |
| 2007年 | 289篇 |
| 2006年 | 240篇 |
| 2005年 | 241篇 |
| 2004年 | 222篇 |
| 2003年 | 174篇 |
| 2002年 | 136篇 |
| 2001年 | 113篇 |
| 2000年 | 61篇 |
| 1999年 | 30篇 |
| 1998年 | 14篇 |
| 1997年 | 7篇 |
| 1996年 | 3篇 |
| 1995年 | 5篇 |
| 1994年 | 2篇 |
| 1993年 | 1篇 |
| 1992年 | 4篇 |
| 1991年 | 3篇 |
| 1989年 | 2篇 |
| 1987年 | 1篇 |
| 1986年 | 2篇 |
排序方式： 共有5991条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
《Development in Practice》2012,22(8):1135-1146
This paper looks beyond the dominant view of access to water – defined as coverage. It shows that, while the spread of improved water sources has widened, problems of affordability, quality, distribution, and reliability (“deep access”) are pervasive. In turn, it argues that declarations about water in international development discourse such as “access to water has increased” can be misleading. Development in practice must look beyond “wide” to “deep” meanings of access to water. Au-delà de l'accès à l'eau Cet article va au-delà de la manière dominante de voir l'accès à l'eau – à savoir la couverture. Il montre que, bien que l'accès à l'éventail de sources d'eau améliorées se soit élargi, les problèmes liés au caractère abordable, à la qualité, à la distribution et la fiabilité (« accès profond ») sont omniprésents. Il soutient ensuite que les déclarations concernant l'eau dans le discours du développement international, comme « l'accès à l'eau a augmenté », peuvent être trompeuses. Le développement dans la pratique doit aller au-delà du sens « large » de l'accès à l'eau pour se pencher sur son sens « profond ». Além do acesso a água Este artigo vai além da visão dominante do acesso à água – definida como cobertura. Ele mostra que, embora o acesso a mais fontes de água tenha se ampliado, problemas de acessibilidade de preço, qualidade, distribuição e confiabilidade (“acesso profundo”) são frequentes. Por sua vez, ele argumenta que declarações sobre a água no discurso de desenvolvimento internacional, como por exemplo o “acesso à água tem aumentado”, podem ser enganosas. O desenvolvimento na prática deve ir além do significado “amplo” em direção ao significado “profundo” do acesso à água. Más allá del acceso al agua Aunque en general, el acceso al agua se aborda desde la cobertura, en este ensayo se trata desde un punto de vista distinto. Se demuestra que, si bien el acceso al agua se ha extendido, persisten problemas de costos, calidad, distribución y confiabilidad (“acceso real”). Asimismo, se plantea que las declaraciones sobre el agua que se manejan en el discurso internacional sobre el desarrollo –por ejemplo, “ha aumentado el acceso al agua” – pueden ser engañosas. El desarrollo en la práctica deberá centrarse más en la dimensión “real” del acceso al agua que en el “alcance”. 相似文献
82.
《Development in Practice》2012,22(7):1006-1018
Development investigations focus on synergies of institutional cultures for policy and practice. International non-governmental organisations (INGOs) currently enjoy a privileged position as harbingers of world culture unity. While there is contestation on INGOs as monolithic entities, few studies delve into the voices of actors within INGOs to provide for a more pluralistic perspective. This paper separates the actors from their institution by examining their different socio-cultural takes that drive them. This emphasises that as projects and visions come and go, institutional actors draw on their own philosophy that does not necessarily mirror their institution's stance. Here, the focus is on one of the most important current development initiatives – microfinance – revealing individual understandings of what is sustainability, the role of external actors, indicators of success, exit strategies, and ethical action. In spite of situating this in the microfinance area, what is revealed is that actors are motivated by their own constructed ideology, often alluding peripherally to the specifics of microfinance. This opens another avenue of enquiry as to why organisational ideologies and popular development visions such as microfinance take on such diversity of forms and outcomes. Contrary to the world culture unity model, such communication disjunctures can be useful in understanding diverse development outcomes. « Votre Kool-Aid* n'est pas mon Kool-Aid » : idéologies relatives à la microfinance dans une culture d'ONGI Les investigations dans le secteur du développement se concentrent sur les synergies de cultures institutionnelles pour les politiques et les pratiques. Les organisations non gouvernementales internationales (ONGI) jouissent actuellement d'une position privilégiée comme signes avant-coureurs de l'unité culturelle mondiale. Bien que certains contestent l'idée des ONGI comme des entités monolithiques, rares sont les études qui examinent les voix des acteurs parmi les ONGI pour introduire une manière de voir plus pluraliste. Cet article sépare les acteurs de leur institution en examinant les différents angles socioculturels qui les impulsent. Cela souligne le fait que, tandis que les projets et les visions vont et viennent, les acteurs institutionnels s'inspirent de leur propre philosophie, laquelle ne reflète pas forcément la position de leur institution. On traite ici de l'une des plus importantes initiatives de développement en cours – la microfinance – en révélant les manières individuelles de comprendre ce qu'est la durabilité, le rôle des acteurs externes, les indicateurs du succès, les stratégies de sortie et l'action éthique. Bien que cela soit examiné dans le contexte du domaine de la microfinance, ce qui est révélé, c'est que les acteurs sont motivés par leur propre idéologie construite, faisant souvent allusion de manière périphérique aux éléments précis de la microfinance. Cela ouvre une autre piste quant à la question de savoir pourquoi les idéologies organisationnelles et les visions du développement populaires comme la microfinance prennent des formes aussi diverses et débouchent sur des résultats aussi divers. Contrairement au modèle d'unité culturel mondial, ces disjonctions sur le plan de la communication peuvent s'avérer utiles au moment de comprendre des résultats divers sur le plan du développement. *NDT : L'expression « drinking the Kool-Aid » (boire le Kool-Aid) est appliquée à des adeptes fervents de certaines philosophies qui croient aveuglément dans les vertus de celles-ci. “O que você acha legal eu não acho legal”: ideologias sobre microfinanças dentro de uma cultura de ONGI As investigações sobre desenvolvimento concentram-se nas sinergias de culturas institucionais para políticas e práticas. Organizações Não-Governamentais Internacionais (ONGIs) atualmente usufruem de uma posição privilegiada como precursoras da unidade da cultura mundial. Embora haja controvérsias quanto ao fato de ONGIs serem entidades monolíticas, poucos estudos realizam análises detalhadas sobre a voz ativa de agentes dentro de ONGIs com vistas a oferecer uma perspectiva mais pluralista. Este artigo separa os agentes de sua instituição de origem ao examinar as diferentes condições sócio-culturais que os orientam. O artigo enfatiza que como os projetos e visões vão e vêm, os agentes institucionais baseiam-se em sua própria filosofia que não necessariamente reflete a postura de sua instituição. Aqui, o foco está em uma das mais importantes iniciativas de desenvolvimento atuais – a das microfinanças – revelando entendimentos individuais sobre o que é sustentabilidade, o papel de agentes externos, indicadores de sucesso, estratégias de saída e ação ética. Apesar de inserir esses temas na área de microfinanças, o que se revela é que os agentes são motivados por sua própria ideologia construída, frequentemente aludindo perifericamente às questões específicas das microfinanças. Esse fato abre uma nova vertente de questionamento sobre por que ideologias organizacionais e visões populares sobre desenvolvimento, como as relacionadas às microfinanças, assumem tal diversidade de formas e resultados. Contrárias ao modelo de unidade da cultura mundial, tais descontinuidades de comunicação podem ser úteis para a compreensão dos resultados diversos do desenvolvimento. “Tu veneno no es mi veneno”: las ideologías respecto a las microfinanzas en una cultura de ONGI Las investigaciones sobre el desarrollo se centran en las sinergias entre las políticas y prácticas de las culturas institucionales. Las organizaciones no gubernamentales internacionales (ONGI) se encuentran actualmente en una situación privilegiada por ser las precursoras de la unidad cultural mundial. Aunque existen debates sobre si las ONGI son monolíticas, son pocas las investigaciones que han examinado las opiniones de los actores de las ONGI en aras de tener una perspectiva más amplia. Este ensayo separa a los actores de sus instituciones para examinar los criterios socioculturales que impulsan sus acciones. Esta metodología resalta el hecho de que, si bien los proyectos y las visiones evolucionan, los actores institucionales se basan en sus propias creencias, las cuales no reflejan necesariamente los criterios de sus instituciones. Este ensayo analiza en detalle una de las iniciativas actualmente más importantes en el desarrollo –las microfinanzas– para descubrir qué entienden los actores por sostenibilidad, el papel de los actores externos, los indicadores de éxito, las estrategias de salida y las actuaciones éticas. A pesar de que el estudio se centró en el área de las microfinanzas, las conclusiones revelan que a los actores les motiva su propia ideología y que sólo tangencialmente se refieren de manera específica a las microfinanzas. Esto abre otra línea de investigación sobre por qué las ideologías organizacionales y las visiones más generalizadas sobre el desarrollo –por ejemplo, en las microfinanzas– se expresan en formas y con resultados tan diversos. Al ir en contra del modelo de la unidad cultural mundial, mensajes tan dispares pueden ser útiles para comprender la diversidad de resultados en el desarrollo. 相似文献
83.
《Development in Practice》2012,22(7):932-945
Debt-for-development exchanges are one technique through which to address the ongoing debt crisis in the less-developed world. This paper discusses how Australia's first debt-for-development exchange, with Indonesia, came into being, and explores future possibilities for Australian debt exchanges. It is an interesting example of how activists and advocates can successfully pursue innovative public policy solutions to development problems. More importantly, however, this paper explores the link between debt accumulation in less-developed countries and trade policies of industrialised countries like Australia. Debt-for-development exchanges in Australia: past, present and future Échanges dette contre développement en Australie : passé, présent et futur Les échanges dettes contre développement constituent une technique au moyen de laquelle aborder la crise de la dette qui se poursuit dans les pays les moins avancés. Cet article traite de la manière dont le premier échange dette contre développement de l'Australie, mené avec l'Indonésie, a pris forme, et il examine les possibilités futures pour les échanges de dette australiens. Il s'agit d'un exemple intéressant de la manière dont les activistes et les défenseurs peuvent appliquer efficacement des solutions innovantes de politiques publiques pour répondre à des problèmes de développement. Toutefois, un aspect plus important dont traite cet article est le lien qui existe entre l'accumulation de dettes dans les pays les moins avancés et les politiques commerciales de pays industrialisés comme l'Australie. As permutas de dívida por desenvolvimento na Austrália: passado, presente e futuro As permutas de dívida por desenvolvimento são uma técnica utilizada para lidar com a crise da dívida atual em países menos desenvolvidos. Este artigo discute como se deu a primeira permuta de dívida por desenvolvimento da Austrália com a Indonésia, e examina as possibilidades futuras para as trocas de dívida australianas. Esse é um exemplo interessante de como ativistas e defensores podem buscar de maneira bem-sucedida soluções de políticas públicas inovadoras para os problemas de desenvolvimento. Mais importante, porém, este artigo examina a conexão entre a acumulação de dívida em países menos desenvolvidos e políticas comerciais de países industrializados como a Austrália. Intercambios de deuda por desarrollo en Australia: pasado, presente y futuro Los intercambios de deuda por desarrollo son una manera de afrontar la crisis de la deuda que existe actualmente en los países menos desarrollados. Este ensayo analiza cómo Australia llevó a cabo el primer intercambio de deuda por desarrollo con Indonesia y explora futuras posibilidades para que Australia intercambie deuda. Esta experiencia es un ejemplo interesante de cómo los activistas y quienes realizan incidencia pueden alcanzar soluciones innovadoras en políticas públicas para solucionar los problemas del desarrollo. Sin embargo, lo más importante de este ensayo es que examina el vínculo entre la acumulación de deuda en países menos desarrollados y las políticas comerciales de países industrializados como Australia. 相似文献
84.
《European Security》2012,21(4):459-473
Abstract Having recently completed its first decade of existence, the EU's counter-terrorism policy has been receiving increasing scholarly attention as reflected in the specialized literature devoted to this emerging policy area. Its external dimension, nevertheless, has not been the subject of thorough and systematic analyses which scrutinize its characteristic features and principal actors, policies and interests. Against this backdrop, the introductory article of this Special Issue aims at providing a contextualised assessment of the external dimension of EU counter-terrorism while discussing the impact of the Lisbon Treaty upon this policy field. It proceeds with an examination of the policies, interests and actorness dynamics associated with the EU's counter-terrorism policy in highlighting the major findings and conclusions conveyed by the five contributions to this Special Issue. Its conclusion points to possible avenues for future research on the basis of identified underdeveloped topics, under-theorised aspects and neglected issues in the existing literature. 相似文献
85.
《社会福利与家庭法律杂志》2012,34(1):23-37
In recent years, Tort litigation in respect of child abuse has moved towards the increased imposition of third party liability. This trend has been enhanced by the House of Lords decision in Lister v. Hesley Hall which reconsidered the ‘Salmond criteria’ for vicarious liability for intentional torts in the light of jurisprudence from the Supreme Court of Canada. In English courts, judicial reasoning in this area has been driven predominantly by legal principle rather than by policy considerations. Until the latter are articulated, the reality behind, and the implications for practice of, the trend towards third party liability for child abuse cannot be fully understood. 相似文献
86.
87.
《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2012,23(2):271-283
Abstract In the difficulties in assessing dangerousness, the contribution of the psychoanalytical approach should not be overlooked: it can be of great value in diagnosis, treatment, discharge evaluation and management within an institution and in the community. 相似文献
88.
曹安勇 《贵阳市委党校学报》2012,1(1):11-14
近年来,贵州旅游业的发展取得了显著的成就,但也存在一定的问题.实施旅游精品战略,是更好更快地发展贵州旅游业的必然选择.要强化旅游精品战略意识、打造特色旅游精品,以旅游产业集群为核心,实施旅游精品战略,政策倾斜,促进贵州旅游精品战略的实施. 相似文献
89.
Xavier Fernández-i-Marín 《Contemporary Politics》2015,21(4):417-434
The regulatory regionalism approach has increasingly claimed that a new mode of regional governance is emerging globally. Regional policy regimes, developed in broad social and economic territorial areas, affect the internal transformation of the state. The authors plan to provide comprehensive empirical evidence about the emergence of worldwide regulatory regionalism by identifying how regulatory agencies have diffused very successfully within the regional level in recent decades. The paper aims to identify, using an original methodological design, the ways in which such diffusion of agencies occurred, as this may have theoretical relevance for the study of regulatory regionalism. The authors' hypothesis suggests that transnational political interactions in each regional cluster triggered agency diffusion, contributing to the development of the regulatory state within the countries of each region. To test this hypothesis, the authors employed a data set of regulatory agencies including the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), and most Asian and Latin American countries (+59) from 1950 to 2007, for 15 sectors related to finance, risks, utility and competition. Bayesian data analysis was used to estimate the parameters of interest. 相似文献
90.
Petra Mezzetti 《Contemporary Politics》2015,21(3):323-340
The migration policy field is a multilayered and fragmented area still lacking a strong global and European regime. Nonetheless, different initiatives and fora have been promoted in the last decade to increase the international dialogue on migration, with the active participation of non-state actors, and particularly civil society organisations (CSOs). The article reviews selected initiatives undertaken at the UN and European level, whereby institutional representatives engage with CSOs in furthering migration policies. These initiatives and platforms may constitute transnational policy networks (TPNs). It explores signals towards the consolidation of more structured and ‘hard’ forms of participatory policy-making on migration issues, as well as obstacles present in this engagement dynamic. The key question addressed in this study is whether and how European institutions have engaged with the TPNs in the field of migration. The article also explores how some of the TPNs influence institutional policy-making at the EU level. 相似文献