Max Weber: Family History, Economic Policy, Exchange Reform

Max Weber descended from Anglo-German merchant families with world-wide connections. This helped make him a cosmopolitan nationalist. Fittingly Weber at first tried to pursue a career in international commercial law. Family connections informed his understanding of South American wheat exports and North American railroad capitalism and of the tariff issues resulting therefrom. This in turn influenced his critique of the Prussian agrarian capitalists, especially of their opposition to trading in grain futures. Weber championed a strong capital market and efficient exchanges. His economic policies remain of exemplary interest insofar as they link the presumptive, if contested, national interest with an unsentimental acceptance of the world economy.     

20世纪50年代毛泽东对私人资本主义认识的演变逻辑

20世纪50年代可以说是毛泽东一生对私人资本主义认识的一个缩影。"利用、限制";"利用、限制、改造";使"资本主义绝种";"可以消灭了资本主义,又搞资本主义"和破"资产阶级法权",把"资本主义残余都可以逐步搞掉",是毛泽东这一时期对私人资本主义认识的演变历程。毛泽东对私人资本主义认识的内在逻辑有三个动因。毛泽东20世纪50年代对私人资本主义认识的演变及其逻辑,对中国今天的特色社会主义建设仍有不少启示。     

外语教学方法的回顾

外语教学法是研究外语教学规律的科学,它是在外语教学实践中不断发展和完善的。要了解我国当前的外语教学法,有必要回顾一下过去的外语教学法。     

经济全球化与发达资本主义国家经济

本文从历史的发展和资本主义经济现实出发,阐述了经济全球化并不完全是由发达国家发动和倡导的一场运动,而是由科学技术进步和社会生产力发展推动的一种客观趋势.由于和资本主义相生相伴,经济全球化不可避免地带有资本主义性质,在经济全球化中,发达国家受益最多,但同样也面临一些冲击和挑战.各国只有不断地进行调整和变革,才能适应全球化的发展趋势.随着参与经济全球化国家类型的增多,经济全球化的发展趋势并不必然是资本主义化.     

文化生态旅游发展中的矛盾及其克服

文化势差形成旅游动力。在生态旅游中,文化多样性与生物多样性的保护同等重要,它离不开文化人类学、社会文化学与生态旅游学理论的指导。文化生态旅游需要和谐发展,解决文化生态旅游发展中的矛盾是一项系统工程。引导性、自然性的文化嫁接,形成文化的继承发展;系统性、生态性的文化保护,形成文化生态旅游标准。     

全球化进程中的资本主义与社会主义

全球化是一个不断演进的历史过程。全球化的历史、现实和趋向都揭示了社会主义与资本主义的内在逻辑联系。偏离世界历史总规律和经济全球化总趋向，是苏联社会主义模式失败的重要原因。全球化历程表明，资本主义是全球化的起点，社会主义是全球化的结局。社会主义主导的全球化实现之日是共产主义全球化到来之时，真正意义上的全球化只有在共产主义条件下才能实现。     

适应社会需求的大学生综合素质测评体系的构建

大学生综合素质测评是高校对大学生的质量进行的全面评价和总结,也是社会用人单位了解毕业生的第一手资料。我们要运用文献法、调查法、统计学方法等相关的教育理论,剖析社会对大学生评价与大学生综合素质测评产生差距的原因,在大学生综合素质测评中,坚持全面性与导向性原则,社会化和个性化原则,层次性原则和可操作性原则。     

Financialization,distribution, and macroeconomic regimes before and after the crisis: a post-Keynesian view on Denmark,Estonia, and Latvia

ABSTRACT

Since the early 1980s, financialization has become an increasingly important trend in developed capitalist countries, with different timing, speed, and intensities in different countries. Rising inequality has been a major feature of this trend. Shares of wages in national income have declined and personal income inequality has increased. Against this background unsustainable demand and growth regimes have developed that dominated the major economies before the crisis: the ‘debt-led private demand boom’ and the ‘export-led mercantilist’ regime. The article applies this post-Keynesian approach to the macroeconomics of finance-dominated capitalism of three Baltic Sea countries, Denmark, Estonia, and Latvia, both for the pre-crisis and the post-crisis period. First, the macroeconomics of finance-dominated capitalism are briefly reiterated. Second, the financialization-distribution nexus is examined for the three countries. Third, macroeconomic demand and growth regimes are analyzed, both before and after the crisis.     

Varieties of hierarchical capitalism: family and state market economies in East Asia

Through an examination of East Asian economies, this paper proposes two new capitalist ideal types: family market economies and state market economies. In contrast to coordinated and liberal market economy types, the new capitalist ideal types proposed here display alternative forms of hierarchical coordination. These ideal types are also genuinely novel models of capitalism because they exhibit distinct and stable institutional structures and comparative advantages.     

Fast thinking: Implications for democratic politics

A major programme of research on cognition has been built around the idea that human beings are frequently intuitive thinkers and that human intuition is imperfect. The modern marketing of politics and the time‐poor position of many citizens suggests that ‘fast’, intuitive, thinking in many contemporary democracies is ubiquitous. This article explores the consequences that such fast thinking might have for the democratic practice of contemporary politics. Using focus groups with a range of demographic profiles, fast thinking about how politics works is stimulated and followed by a more reflective and collectively deliberative form of slow thinking among the same participants. A strong trajectory emerges consistently in all groups in that in fast thinking mode participants are noticeably more negative and dismissive about the workings of politics than when in slow thinking mode. A fast thinking focus among citizens may be good enough to underwrite mainstream political exchange, but at the cost of supporting a general negativity about politics and the way it works. Yet breaking the cycle of fast thinking – as advocated by deliberation theorists – might not be straightforward because of the grip of fast thinking. The fast/slow thinking distinction, if carefully used, offers valuable new insight into political science.