化瘀通络灸结合针刺治疗脑卒中后轻度认知障碍的临床疗效观察

目的 观察化瘀通络灸法结合常规针刺治疗脑卒中后轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impair-ment,MCI)患者的临床疗效及其对血液相关因子的影响.方法 将60例脑卒中后MCI患者随机分为对照组与观察组,每组30例.两组均采用常规治疗,观察组在此基础上加用化瘀通络灸法治疗.治疗2周后,观察两组患者认知功能状态和血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平的变化.结果 观察组临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05).与治疗前比较,两组治疗后蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)、简易智力状态检查量表(mini-mental state examina-tion,MMSE)评分均明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后MoCA、MMSE评分升高程度显著大于对照组(P<0.05).与治疗前比较,两组治疗后血清SOD水平均显著升高(P<0.05),hs-CRP和血浆Hcy水平均明显下降(P<0.05);且治疗后观察组血清SOD升高程度明显大于对照组(P<0.05),血清hs-CRP和血浆Hcy降低程度明显大于对照组(P<0.05).结论 化瘀通络灸结合常规针刺治疗脑卒中后MCI,可降低炎症水平,清除氧自由基,显著改善患者的认知功能.     

艾灸督脉组穴联合认知功能训练治疗脑卒中后认知障碍临床观察

目的 观察艾灸督脉组穴联合认知功能训练对脑卒中后认知障碍（post-stroke cognitive impairment, PSCI）患者认知功能的影响。方法 将60例PSCI患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组予认知功能训练,观察组在对照组基础上采用艾灸督脉疗法。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA)、简易精神状态评价量表(mini-mental state examination, MMSE)评价患者的认知功能,采用功能独立性评定量表（functional independence measure, FIM）评价患者的功能与生活能力,监测患者血清神经细胞特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase, NSE)、同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine, Hcy)水平及观察血管性痴呆辨证量表(the scale for the differentiation of syndromes of vascular dementia,SDSVD)评分情况。结果 两组基于MMSE评分的疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,观察组临床疗效显著优于对照组。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后MoCA、MMSE、FIM评分均显著升高(P<0.05),且观察组升高程度显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,观察组患者治疗后SDSVD积分显著降低(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后血清NSE、Hcy水平均明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组降低程度明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 艾灸督脉组穴联合认知功能训练能保护血管内皮细胞,修复中枢神经损伤,有效提高PSCI患者的认知功能及日常生活能力。     

中国法治的人文道路

现时代需要一种融合中西人文主义之精髓、兼济人的认知理性与道德理性的新人文主义。从人文主义的视角看,道德人文维度与民主政治维度是构建中国法治需要着力加强的两个方面。在法治发展道路上,中国需要协调好法治的道德、功利、政治与行政四个层面,沿着自身的文化传统,打造政治和社会的理性与道德基础,开拓一种具有厚重人文底蕴的\"道德的民主法治\",实现仁义道德与自然权利、民主法治在现代的历史衔接。     

Justice and emotional reactions to the disadvantaged

Various attitutidinal, cognitive, emotional, and actional reactions to problems and needs of less fortunate people (unemployed, poor people in the developing countries, foreign workers in West Germany) were assessed in a questionnaire study with 865 respondents. The external validity of self-report data was established by external ratings. The focus was on emotional reactions (existential guilt, sympathy, moral outrage because of unjust disadvantages, anger about the disadvantaged, contentment with one's own advantages, fear of losing these, hopelessness with respect to the fate of the less fortunate). Several justice-related variables (beliefs, views, appraisals) as well as responsibility-related variables and social attitudes were assessed as predictors of emotions. The importance of justice-related variables for the arousal of different social emotions was clearly shown. The use and usefulness of cognitive models of discrete emotions is discussed. The impact of emotions on the readiness to various forms of prosocial activities in favor of the less fortunate was also shown: Moral outrage and existential guilt proved to be much more salient predictors than sympathy. Crucial differences between these three prosocial emotions as well as the impact of justice-related variables on readiness to prosocial activities are discussed.     

Cognitive tempo,violent video games,and aggressive behavior in young boys

In a factorial design, impulsive and reflective children played video games with aggressive or nonaggressive themes. Interpersonal aggression and aggression toward inanimate objects were assessed in a free-play setting and interpersonal aggression was assessed during a frustrating situation. Results indicated that subjects who played the video game with aggressive content exhibited significantly more object aggression during free-play and more interpersonal aggression during the frustrating situation than youngsters who played nonaggressive video games. Aggressive behavior was unaffected by cognitive tempo.     

警察职业能力测评的初步研究——警察认知能力结构的验证性因素分析

“警察认知能力”测验,由专注—效率、记忆、想象、创造、逻辑推理能力等五个维度,内含12类项目组成。本研究在对178份有效资料进行信度效度检验的同时,还运用结构方程模型(SEM)对“警察认知能力”的结构效度进行验证性因素分析。结果提示:该结构模型的适应性,五因素间的独立性,五因素模型的拟合指数均为良好,表明警察认知能力五因素理论模型的拟合程度可以接受。     

浅析兼语句式的认知机理

认知语言学派认为语言范畴和句法结构产生于一定的认知机理。作为一种常见句式,兼语句的原型范畴和认知模式与其句法表层特征相吻合,证实了人类认知能力对语言形式的影响。