化瘀通络灸结合针刺治疗脑卒中后轻度认知障碍的临床疗效观察

目的 观察化瘀通络灸法结合常规针刺治疗脑卒中后轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impair-ment,MCI)患者的临床疗效及其对血液相关因子的影响.方法 将60例脑卒中后MCI患者随机分为对照组与观察组,每组30例.两组均采用常规治疗,观察组在此基础上加用化瘀通络灸法治疗.治疗2周后,观察两组患者认知功能状态和血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平的变化.结果 观察组临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05).与治疗前比较,两组治疗后蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)、简易智力状态检查量表(mini-mental state examina-tion,MMSE)评分均明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后MoCA、MMSE评分升高程度显著大于对照组(P<0.05).与治疗前比较,两组治疗后血清SOD水平均显著升高(P<0.05),hs-CRP和血浆Hcy水平均明显下降(P<0.05);且治疗后观察组血清SOD升高程度明显大于对照组(P<0.05),血清hs-CRP和血浆Hcy降低程度明显大于对照组(P<0.05).结论 化瘀通络灸结合常规针刺治疗脑卒中后MCI,可降低炎症水平,清除氧自由基,显著改善患者的认知功能.     

浅谈大学英语词汇教学方法

本文通过对英语词汇教学的历史发展和大学英语词汇教学存在的问题,探讨了英语词教学方法的发展趋势,分析、介绍了词汇教学方法的趣味性和多样化,总结和归纳了科学规律法、趣味法等一些英语诃汇教学方法.     

Low Power,First Offers,and Reservation Prices: Weak Negotiators are Self-anchored by Their Own Alternatives

Although most scholars recommend making the first offer in negotiations, recent research and practitioners' experience have uncovered a second-mover advantage in certain situations. In the current article, we explore this first- versus second-mover dynamic by investigating the circumstances under which negotiators would make less favorable first offers than they would receive were they to move second, focusing on the effects of negotiation power in the form of alternatives. Additionally, we examine the effects of low power on reservation prices and whether these effects could be mitigated using an anchor-debiasing technique. In Study 1, we manipulated negotiators' power in the form of the best alternative to the negotiated agreement and examined its effect on first offers and reservation prices. Our results showed that low-power negotiators would receive more favorable first offers than they would have made themselves when facing either low- or medium-power counterparts. Also, our results suggest that low-power negotiators had less favorable reservation prices than their medium- and high- power counterparts. In Study 2, we investigated whether this effect would persist in the face of anchor-debiasing techniques. Our results showed that while anchor-debiasing techniques did improve their first offers, low-power negotiators would still benefit from making the counteroffer rather than moving first. Our findings uncover the disadvantageous effects of low power on first-offer magnitude while offering practical advice to negotiators.     

How Coordinated Capitalism Adapts to the Knowledge Economy: Different Upskilling Strategies in Germany and Switzerland

The rise of the knowledge economy challenges coordinated models of capitalism by requiring their skill formation systems to produce a workforce with higher skills. This paper examines how coordinated capitalism adapts to upskilling pressures by jointly studying general education and vocational education and training (VET) at both upper-secondary and tertiary levels. Employing a comparative research design covering German and Swiss upskilling efforts over the past 50 years, we observe important differences. Switzerland, with influential small firms and weak union presence, focuses on keeping VET an attractive option at upper-secondary level by favoring VET graduates' access to tertiary education. By contrast, Germany, marked by large firm dominance and influential unions, concentrates on expanding general education throughout and adding vocational elements later. Our analysis suggests that firms' reform preferences are conditioned by their size and political constraints to reform.     

Identifying and managing evaluator biases in parenting plan evaluations

Psychologists and other professionals are often appointed by the courts to assist families in resolving post-separation disputes and to assist judges in making orders on behalf of the best interests of the child(ren). Although these evaluations provide valuable information to the court, they require assessing areas of human behavior that are imprecisely defined or lacking professional consensus. As parents separate, their disputes may become more challenging, and they may act in uncharacteristic and unpredictable ways. Families that cannot solve their own challenges outside of court often show high levels of conflict and/or have issues that are extremely complex, including domestic violence allegations, resist-refuse family dynamics, and relocation requests. Evaluators and judges, being human, tend to oversimplify complex issues due to the limitations of the human brain. Evaluators are subject to cognitive biases that result from the use of mental heuristics, leading to shortcuts and errors in their reasoning and judgment. Other biases, such as implicit and explicit cultural biases, often influence evaluators' reasoning and conclusions. This article explores various biases that affect and potentially diminish the quality of an evaluator's work. We conclude by addressing “de-biasing” strategies that can reduce, but not negate, the risks associated with such biases.     

Who captures whom? Regulatory misperceptions and the timing of cognitive capture

To explain cognitive capture, economic sociologists often examine the structure of relationships between regulators and market participants. This paper argues that the nature of regulators' misperception should be subject to analysis as well. Different types of misperceptions develop over timelines of varying lengths. Depending on the misperception, different sets of relationships and parties may therefore be the cause of regulators' capture. The paper illustrates this point with a case study of regulators' failure to detect pervasive market power in California's electricity markets between 1998 and 2001. Existing explanations focus on sellers' short-term attempts to distract regulators from widespread evidence of market power. Using data from three archives and in-depth interviews, I show that the regulators did not fall prey to such “information problems.” Instead, their misperception resulted from a more foundational “worldview problem.” This error affects regulators' basic conception of the marketplace and can be traced to earlier and more gradual forms of influence exerted by utilities that, ironically, would become the victims of market power.