Characterization of the variant allele 9.2 of Penta D locus

DNA profiles of forensic cases of Córdoba Province, Argentina, typed by PowerPlex 16 kit (Promega), have shown in the Penta D locus few samples with a variant allele migrating as an off ladder between alleles 9 and 10. In order to determine the molecular basis of the new variant allele, three samples were subject to polymerase chain reaction amplification of the Penta D locus by monoplex, and were further purified and sequenced. The sequence analysis revealed that the off ladder allele has ten repeats motifs AAAGA as allele 10, with three nucleotides (TAA) deletion in the 3' flanking region, 128 nucleotides after the last repeat. Therefore, the variant allele could be explained by a deletion of allele 10, and was designated 9.2. Mse I digestion assay allows to corroborate allele 9.2 without sequencing. A population study in Córdoba Province indicates that allele 9.2 of Penta D locus has a frequency of 0.0063.     

Developmental validation of a multiplex qPCR assay for assessing the quantity and quality of nuclear DNA in forensic samples

Forensic scientists are constantly searching for better, faster, and less expensive ways to increase the first-pass success rate of forensic sample analysis. Technological advances continue to increase the sensitivity of analysis methods to enable genotyping of samples containing minimal amounts of DNA, yet few tools are available that can simultaneously alert the analyst to both the presence of inhibition and level of degradation in samples prior to genotyping to allow analysts the opportunity to make appropriate modifications to their protocols and, consequently, to use less sample. Our laboratory developed a multiplex quantitative PCR assay that amplifies two human nuclear DNA target sequences of different length to assess DNA degradation and a third amplification target, a synthetic oligonucleotide internal PCR control (IPC), to allow for the assessment of PCR inhibition. We chose the two nuclear targets to provide quantity and fragment-length information relevant to the STR amplification targets commonly used for forensic genotyping. The long target (nuTH01, 170-190 bp) spans the TH01 STR locus and uses a FAM-labeled TaqMan probe for detection. The short nuclear target (nuCSF, 67 bp) is directed at the upstream flanking region of the CSF1PO STR locus and is detected using a VIC-labeled TaqManMGB probe. The IPC target sequence is detected using a NED-labeled TaqManMGB probe. The assay was validated on the Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR system, which is optimized for NED detection. We report the results of a developmental validation in which the assay was rigorously tested, in accordance with the current SWGDAM guidelines, for precision, sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, species specificity, and stability.     

苏联对意大利和东欧政策研究（1943—1947年）

在意大利战后安排问题上,苏联同美英两国的争斗早在二战后期就已经开始。意大利问题主要是战前殖民地等问题。出于利用英美矛盾为自己谋利的目的,苏联并不打算削弱意大利。由于英美两国在处理意大利问题上具有优先权,只允许苏联名义上参与意大利事务,并没有实际发言权,导致苏联在意大利问题上的变化以及在东欧问题上的强硬,美苏矛盾趋于尖锐化。苏联战后安全带政策目的是将东欧纳入自己的势力范围。苏联对意大利政策与对东欧政策是紧密联系在一起的。苏联从起初的不打算削弱意大利转变为不过分削弱意大利的政策,正是用来控制东欧并使其成为自己势力范围的政治筹码。这也成为美苏冷战的起源之一。     

网络传播淫秽电子信息犯罪的治理对策

从2004年7月起，全国公安机关开展了打击淫秽网站的专项斗争。网络传播淫秽电子信息的犯罪，俗祢“网络贩黄”，是近年来通过互联网实施的破坏社会人伦传统和性道德风尚，特别是严重危害未成年人身。健康的犯罪。对此类犯罪的治理，应采取严厉打击淫秽网站、加强相应的道德引导和法专制教育、切实加强网络管理与监控、切断非法利益生成链条等综合性治理时策。     

构建统筹城乡协调可持续发展产业体系

构建统筹城乡协调可持续发展产业体系具有重要的现实意义。城乡产业发展现存问题众多，因此要充分依托新型工业化推进城乡产业整体发展；协调城乡产业分工，优化城乡产业布局；通过构建连接城乡的贸工农产业链，加强城乡产业的联系与互动；培育和促进产业集群发展；构建有利于城乡产业一体化发展的机制。     

HLA-A位点DNA分型及其法医学应用

应用聚合酶链反应0寡核苷酸探针（PCR－SSO）斑点杂交技术，对222名辽宁地区汉族人群无关个体进行HLA－A基因检测，研究中国辽宁地区汉族群体的HLA－A座位基因分布状况。共检出HLA－A等位基因24个，其中以等位基因HLA－A0201最为常见，频率为0．2635；依次是2402101和1101，等位基因频率分别为0．1847和0．1262.理论杂合度为87％，个人鉴别机率为92％，非父排除率为73．3％。在中国辽宁汉族中检出73种基因型，对观察值和期望值进行X2检验，符合Hardy－Weinberg平衡定律（x2＝6．28，df＝9，0．5＜P＜0．75）。家系分析结果表明按照孟德尔方式遗传。提出的中国辽宁汉族HLA－A等位基因的遗传基因情况，可用于法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定。人类学，HLA相关疾病，及器官移植研究。     

刑事物证中的“保管链”

保证物证检验质量的前提条件是保证物证的原始性和完整性。借鉴美国刑事物证保管制度，在我国法庭科学实验室认证工作中，可以将“物证保管链”作为科学管理物证行之有效的方法加以推广。     

物证与犯罪现场重建

物证和犯罪现场重建结论,在刑事侦查活动中是两类不同的事物,但却是相互联系、相互作用的,它们都可以作为判定案情的依据。物证是犯罪现场重建的基础,犯罪现场重建使物证情景、情节化;物证是重建犯罪过程的“关节”;犯罪现场重建以犯罪分子的动态行为为链条,使静态的分散的间接物证成为有机的证据锁链。     

西安汉人D1S80位点基因频率调查

利用PCR技术、小型聚丙烯酰胶凝胶电泳及银染法，检测D1S80位点的VNTR扩增片段长度多态性（Amp－FLP）。在175名无关的西安地区汉族人群中发现了22个等位基因，片段大小分布于320～750bp之间，频率分布为0．0057～03314，杂合度为82．3％，个人识别率（DP）为0.9588，非父排除率（EPP）为0．6704。对7个家系23名相关个体分析，证实DIS80位点的遗传符合孟德尔方式。已发现的64种基因型分布符合Hardg－Weinberg定律。