票据行为性质之我见

票据行为是票据法的理论基础,其性质如何,各国立法和理论向来存在争议。关于票据行为性质的各种学说,发行说较为可取。但为保护善意第三人利益,各种学说都需要与权利外观理论相结合,以维护交易安全。     

我国商业银行客户经理制存在的问题与对策

我国商业银行发展和完善“以市场为导向,以客户为中心”的客户经理制,必须调整经营管理体系,构建权责明晰、整体联动的营销和管理体制;加强产品和服务创新,满足客户多样化金融需求;全面提高客户经理的综合业务素质,进一步健全和完善对客户经理的考核激励素质。     

析商法的起源——兼谈加入WTO与我国商法的振兴

商法的起源问题是商法理论的基础问题。关于商法的起源有多种学说,但独立的商法起源于中世纪。中世纪城市的兴起、商人阶层的产生及力量的壮大是商法产生的必要条件。打破传统、勇于创新,扶持商人阶层是研究商法的起源对振兴我国商法的重大意义。     

票据行为性质的阐释

对票据行为的性质的认识,不仅事关票据行为在民商法体系中的定位,更有助于我们了解票据上的义务如何发生,以及有关当事人的人的抗辩和物的抗辩问题的解决。从有价证券的一般原理出发,采创造说更符合有价证券的基本属性。     

Determinants of Foreign Aid: Rivalry and Domestic Instability

Foreign aid is usually seen as a form of international cooperation. Thus, the expectation is that states engaged in international rivalry with one another should be unlikely to provide each other aid. However, they do provide their enemies aid. We consider how situations of uncertainty influence aid transfers between states. We argue that states may provide each other aid to limit uncertainty from potential regime changes that could lead to war. Such uncertainty is particularly bad for rivals who are prone to militarized conflict. We find that rivals may provide one another foreign aid when one of the countries is experiencing regime-threatening levels of domestic instability. We compare these results to the behavior of nonrivals and find that: Rivals are likely to provide their enemies aid in times of uncertainty; rivals are no less likely to give aid to each other than are nonrivals; and rivals provide more aid during times of instability than do nonrivals.     

Competition between unions as a stimulus for initiating reform: the Israeli case, 1958–2015

The article identifies characteristics and consequences of competition between two teachers’ unions as a component of multi-unionism. The study aimed to clarify the consequences of this competition for the education system following the splitting of one teachers’ union and formation of a new union, which challenged both its rival and the policy-makers. The study focuses particularly on the development of the newer union. Data was gathered from documents written between 1958 and 2013, and supplementary interviews were conducted with 15 key figures in the unions, the Ministry of Education, and the Treasury. While research literature usually describes the conduct of teachers’ unions on a continuum between hindrance and facilitation of educational reforms, the study’s findings add an additional dimension relating to the possibility that competition between two teachers’ unions can engender competitive proposals for educational reform and act as a catalyst for change in educational policy. The rivalry led to the emergence of two similar, but competing, educational reforms, accepted by government and in effect today in all the schools. The study provides information on different levels of competition between the teachers’ unions, and the leeway for action that a union has as an interest group.     

我国"印证证明模式"对商业贿赂犯罪惩治的影响

我国的刑事证明模式是“印证证明模式”,其特点是强调证据之间的相互印证。导致这一模式在我国司法实践中盛行的因素包括不甚理想的法官素质、卷宗笔录中心主义的审判方式、科层型的司法权力机构、不独立的法官等等。这一证明模式对我国商业贿赂犯罪的惩治产生了不利的影响。     

商业贿赂犯罪证据特殊性分析

商业贿赂犯罪的经济性、文本性、隐秘性决定了商业贿赂犯罪证据收集和运用过程的复杂性、艰难性、易变性。准确把握商业贿赂犯罪的证据特点和规律,是当前理论界和实务界共同面临的重大理论问题。     

政府是国有企业改革和发展的关键－谈谈政府的民商法、行政法和经济法意识问题

国有企业改革的关键在于政府,而政府的一系列的有关动作都应围绕其相应法律意识进行。本文认为,政府树立良好的民商法、行政法、经济法意识是国有企业改革成功的基础。     

商法公法化属性的法理辨析

随着法律的逐渐完善,商法规范中引入了公法性质的法律规范。通过从市场经济的角度分析民法、商法、经济法三者的序列关系,从历史的角度分析美国私法领域中商法公法化的社会原因,以体系化的学理视角分析私法公法化环境下商法公法化的实质内涵,可以看出商法的私法属性是无法动摇的,商法的公法化是私法领域“再市场化”的立法体现,是商事活动的自我规制与国家经济行政干预规则相统一的技术措施,反映了社会发展的法律工具主义的需求。