论建设工程合同规范定位的嬗变及完善

建设工程合同的规范调整,经历了从统一到分离的长期演变过程,其最终从承揽合同中分离乃因其规范的法律关系的特殊性。然而此种特殊性已非民事合同规范所能容纳或解决,未来建设工程合同制度的规范定位,有待注重商事合同规则和社会公共利益的要求。     

“HEALTHFUL GOODS”: HEALTH,HYGIENE, AND COMMERCIAL CULTURE IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY SHANGHAI

Abstract

This article examines the development of Shanghai’s household-chemical industry, which produced and sold soap, toothpowder, and toothpaste, and other personal hygiene items, and discusses how the ideas of health and hygiene became an integral part of the city’s commercial culture in the early twentieth century. Through various commercial strategies, Shanghai’s businessmen promoted their commodities and hygiene practices simultaneously. They also actively participated in mass movements organized by the Nationalist state, since such movements provided a marketing opportunity for them. This article argues that precisely because they were doing business, Shanghai’s small entrepreneurs successfully connected personal hygiene, national strength, and the act of buying.     

Public Enterprise Reforms and Financial Performance of Government Commercial Companies of Fiji

Public enterprise reform is no new phenomenon. Since the late 1970s, state intervention in the market has been increasingly challenged, acquiring a more ideological form with the rise of ultra-conservative governments in the UK and USA. Like other countries across the world, Fiji has also attempted to reform its public enterprises. This article compares the performance of corporatized public enterprises that sit at different levels of financial performance. Such enterprises have experienced reforms but with mixed financial outcomes. Overall, the major finding of this research is that there is no single factor that can lead to better or poor financial performance.     

South Korea under the United States–China rivalry: dynamics of the economic-security nexus in trade policymaking

With the advent of the Trump administration and the subsequent U.S.–China trade conflict, South Korea's trade policy is under immense pressure. The KORUS FTA has been pushed for renegotiation while the China–South Korea trade relations have stumbled after the THAAD deployment to South Korea. This challenge can be characterized by the economic-security nexus shifted from positive to negative: that is, South Korea is compelled to either sacrifice its economic benefits in favor of security interest or vice versa. In contrast to Japan that seeks to retain TPP as a way of benefitting from a regionwide trade integration and balancing both Trump unilateralism and Chinese mercantilist influence, South Korea is forced to play a more complex game. Given its deep yet asymmetric economic interdependence with China and North Korean security threats, South Korea needs to accommodate China while at the same time courting US engagement in resolving the North Korean nuclear problems.     

How to change other people's institutions: discursive entrepreneurship and the boundary object of competition/competitiveness in the German banking sector

Abstract

The paper explores recent public debates about the structure of the financial system in Germany. It pays particular attention to their symbolic-strategic dimension, that is, to attempts by several institutional entrepreneurs to reformulate the criteria of organizational legitimacy, concentrating on the sense-making and legitimization processes involved in institutional persistence or change. The paper discourse-analyses a campaign by institutional entrepreneurs – mainly representatives of commercial banks – who attempted to homogenize the criteria of organizational legitimacy in the German banking sector by questioning the fundamentals of the three-pillar system and the non-commercial banks. Institutional entrepreneurs are understood as discursive entrepreneurs whose actions refer to institutionalized generalizations of value. In the case of the financial sector in Germany, it was the generalized value of competition/competitiveness that served as a discursive device to legitimize the attempts of commercial banks to alter the institutional structure.     

商业贿赂的多层次内涵及其认定

治理商业贿赂是2006年我国政府廉政建设和反腐工作的重点之一。正确界定商业贿赂的内涵对于商业贿赂的惩治成效和司法资源的合理配置具有重要的意义。商业贿赂的多层次内涵的界定必须顺应和谐社会建设要求,采取在满足维护秩序最低要求的前提下,最大可能地保障经济自由的基本立场。     

试论医疗领域中的商业贿赂犯罪

医疗领域的商业贿赂犯罪是发生在药品、设备、耗材的商业交易中的行贿受贿行为,其产生的根源在于公众对医疗事业的情感诉求与医疗事业市场化之间存在冲突。是否属于医疗领域的商业贿赂犯罪应从行贿主体、行贿目的以及贿赂行为发生的领域来判断。刑法必须找到医患双方价值目标和利益诉求的平衡点,才能对其做出合理的反应。     

公共政策与国际商事仲裁裁决的承认和执行

公共政策是各国普遍采纳的一项法律制度。在对要求承认和执行的国际商事仲裁裁决进行司法审查时,公共政策成为法院拒绝承认与执行仲裁裁决的传统理由,鉴于公共政策内涵不确定性的特征,使得各国在适用公共政策时享有较大的自主权,客观上为各国滥用公共政策提供了一定的便利。     

论未办理登记手续商品房买卖合同的效力

不动产物权的外在公示方式是登记,在我国立法和司法实践中,常把登记作为房屋买卖合同的有效要件,混淆了合同的效力与合同的履行。在物权变动方面,采取登记对抗主义,更符合我国的立法与社会实际。     

关于商业贿赂的几个问题

2006年是我国打击商业贿赂的专项年,通过一年的努力,该项活动取得了一定的成绩,但也凸显了许多问题。特别是对商业贿赂几个法理性问题存在着一定的模糊认识。本文力图从我国现行立法加以阐释区别,以更好地打击此类犯罪。