乡镇政府资源配置中的“差序格局”及其运作逻辑

乡村政治场域的资源配置有其独特性,从方式上而言,很多资源的配置既不通过价格也不通过权力运作,而是通过建立在人际关系之上的交换来实现。处于乡土社会中的乡镇干部,依然遵循了上述资源配置逻辑,通过运作“关系”获取利益,并形成类似费孝通式的“差序格局”,其运作逻辑在乡镇干部的寻求庇护行为、选择性行政以及“拉关系”争资跑项行为中得到了生动体现。     

THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECKS ON HIRING EX‐OFFENDERS*

Research Summary The rapid increase in the nation's incarceration rate over the past decade has raised questions about how to reintegrate a growing number of ex‐offenders successfully. Employment has been shown to be an important factor in reintegration, especially for men over the age of 27 years who characterize most individuals released from prison. This article explores this question using unique establishment‐level data collected in Los Angeles in 2001. On average, we replicate the now‐common finding that employer‐initiated criminal background checks are negatively related to the hiring of ex‐offenders. However, this negative effect is less than complete. The effect is strongly negative for those employers that are legally required to perform background checks, which is not surprising because these legal requirements to perform checks are paired with legal prohibitions against hiring ex‐offenders. However, some employers seem to perform checks to gain additional information about ex‐offenders (and thus hire more ex‐offenders than other employers), and checking seems to have no effect on hiring ex‐offenders for those employers not legally required to perform checks. Policy Implications One public policy initiative that has received considerable attention is to deny employers access to criminal history record information, which includes movements to “ban the box” that inquires about criminal history information on job applications. The assumption underlying this movement is that knowledge of ex‐offender status leads directly to a refusal to hire. The results of this analysis show that policy initiatives aimed at restricting background checks, particularly for those firms not legally required to perform checks, may not have the desired consequences of increasing ex‐offender employment. This result is consistent with an alternative view that some employers care about the characteristics of the criminal history record and use information about criminal history in a more nuanced, nondiscrete way.     

高校图书馆数字资源体系建设性分析

在当今信息时代数字资源建设是高校数字图书馆建设的基础和核心,只有与时俱进,建立网络资源的学科导航系统、加强网络信息资源检索工具的研究、建立电子期刊导航系统、建立专业性数字资源导航系统、建立数据库导航系统、建立统一的检索平台,才能提高各类资源建设的质量、效益及可持续发展能力。     

公安工作信息化建设探讨

福建省公安信息化建设取得了一定的成效,但也存在一些问题。基于公安行业信息化的发展趋势,我省各地市公安机关应抓住机遇,创新公安信息化建设思路,面向基层、面向实战、以块为主、整合资源,建设城市警务信息综合应用系统,加快实现公安工作信息化。     

中国语境的非法证据排除规则论争——本土话语资源的批判性反思

针对非法证据排除规则的论争,当前我国理论界立场繁多,却有自说自话之嫌,改革主张繁荣,却缺乏系统整合。经过对话语资源的梳理,我国在非法证据排除规则的理论憧憬方面,呈现出结构主义与功能主义两种理路;在非法证据排除规则的改革进路方面,呈现出整体革新与渐进改良两条进路。经过对话语资源的整合,未来我国针对非法证据排除规则的论争还需要注重两个重要维度:一是对他域话语资源作批判性解读;二是对该证据规则的吓阻功能及我国制度环境的容纳能力作经验性研究。     

以共同理想教育为基点建设社会主义核心价值体系

在新民主主义革命和社会主义建设的各个历史时期，共同理想呈现出不同的时代特征。在现阶段。树立中国特色社会主义共同理想是建设社会主义核心价值体系的基本内容和主题，它突出了社会主义核心价值体系强大的整合力和引导力，对于我国当前正在进行的全面小康社会建设具有强大的感召力和凝聚力。     

GENDER,NEIGHBORHOOD DANGER,AND RISK‐AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES AMONG URBAN AFRICAN‐AMERICAN YOUTHS*

Research consistently reveals that fear of crime and perceived risk are demographically and ecologically patterned. Women and individuals in disadvantaged community settings report increased fear and perceptions of risk. For women, these fears and perceptions are tied to concerns about sexual violence specifically, whereas for individuals in distressed neighborhoods, crime rates, “incivilities,” and poor police‐community relations are often identified as important correlates. Here, we build from the insights of previous research by examining the gendered nature of perceived risk and risk‐management strategies among urban African‐American adolescents. Our findings suggest that both risk and risk‐avoidance strategies are strikingly different for young women and young men and are shaped by the gendered organizational features of neighborhood life. We propose that future research will benefit by continuing to investigate how social vulnerabilities function in tandem to structure risks across ecological settings.