光滑型布鲁杆菌抗体竞争ELISA检测方法的建立

用提纯的布鲁杆菌疫苗株M5-90光滑型脂多糖(S-LPS)作为包被抗原,以针对S-LPS C表位的单抗16C5为竞争抗体,建立了检测光滑型布鲁杆菌血清抗体的cELISA方法.通过对临床507份牛血清样本进行检测,结果经统计分析表明,cELISA与RBT和IDEXX公司的iELISA试剂盒符合率分别为84.7%和91.2%.其中142份样品与Svanova公司的cELISA试剂盒和黑龙江省动物监察所提供的iELISA试剂盒的符合率分别为97.2%和94.4%.κ统计显示,该cELISA方法与RBT、IDEXX公司的iELISA试剂盒、Svanova公司的cELISA试剂盒和黑龙江省动物监察所提供的iELISA试剂盒的κ值均大于0.5,符合率很高.该cELISA方法为布鲁菌病的检测提供了一种有效的血清学方法,并且能够有效地排除常见的革兰阴性菌引起的假阳性结果.     

The durability of governance reform: A two-wave audit of notice and comment policymaking in China

The notice and comment process, in which government organizations make public draft laws and regulations and solicit feedback on these proposals, is a prominent governance reform in contemporary China. This article examines the durability of notice and comment policymaking by conducting a pair of audits of the practices of dozens of central government ministries and provincial governments. There are a number of reasons to expect that it is difficult to sustain governance reforms in China. Nevertheless, the audits—which the authors carried out in 2014 and 2021—demonstrate that, subject to a number of constraints, notice and comment policymaking was routinely implemented by government organizations throughout the period under analysis. Although the notice and comment process is a durable governance reform, additional research is needed before it can be concluded that the procedure brings more than a veneer of transparency to Chinese policymaking.     

竞技体育不正之风的本质与根源

竞技体育不正之风主要是一种试图通过操控竞技运动结果,并借助其获得经济利益的手段和行为方式。我国竞技体育中出现的诸多不正之风,就其本质而言都是"异化"的表现。竞技体育自身的特性,使得竞技体育不正之风的隐蔽性更强。竞技体育不正之风的根源,既有竞技体育运动"求胜"特征导致的非理性价值观,也有竞技体育运动之外"求利"的过度诱惑。     

反垄断法的域外适用

许多学者主张 ,我国应以效果原则为依据 ,建立反垄断法的域外适用制度。但美国反垄断法的历史表明 ,效果原则有许多弊端。美、德、欧洲法院、欧共体委员会的实践表明 ,需要采用多种方法对效果原则进行限制 ,并应借鉴冲突法的方法 ,尽可能采用能体现真实联系的连结因素 ,而以效果原则作为补充 ,从而避免单纯的效果原则所产生的扩大本国反垄断法适用的倾向。     

提高比较优势素质 增强经济竞争力

传统的劳动密集型和资源密集型产业虽有比较优势,但由于科技和知识含量低,附加值低,这种比较优势是初级的,在国际贸易中已处于劣势。从发展趋势看,改善我国经济素质的根本出路在于适应经济全球化和科技进步的发展趋势,将经济发展转变到依靠科技进步和劳动者素质提高的轨道上来,发展技术和劳动双密集型产业,形成新的比较优势,提高我国经济的国际竞争力。     

竞争行为与竞争状态的分野——兼论二者在竞争法中的适用价值

“竞争”在不同语境下具有不同语义,它同时包含了行为与状态的双重维度。竞争行为与竞争状态不具有一贯统一性,在多方面的分野决定了二者在竞争法中具有不同的适用价值。竞争法的规制对象只能是竞争行为,竞争状态则是竞争法的价值媒介。     

浅谈竞技跆拳道中的假动作

竞技跆拳道中的假动作实际上是心理战术能力的集中表现，它可以在比赛中迷惑对手使之上当，防不胜防。在竞技跆拳道技术高速发展的今天，假动作作为正规技术的衍生技术，具有十分重要的作用。只有熟练掌握各种类型的假动作技术，并且与真动作进行各种组合，而后加以巧妙运用才能在比赛中发挥最大的效能。     

我国零售企业竞争力分析及提升研究

近年来,我国大型零售企业经济效益呈年年下滑趋势。零售业在加快国际化进程的同时,面临着巨大的挑战。我们应在改变企业竞争环境的同时,认识到自己的差距,加强学习与修炼,注重竞争、激励与合作,从制度、市场、消费者、资金与技术等因素入手,共同培育商业企业的竞争力优势。     

Authoritarian resilience and regime cohesion in Morocco after the Arab Spring

Abstract

This article argues that Morocco's competitive authoritarian regime is more resilient today in certain key respects than it was when the Arab Spring began. Drawing on Levitsky and Way's dimension of organisational power, the article contends the regime was sufficiently unnerved by the unrest to resort to the use of high intensity coercion as part of its response to the 20 February Movement. The article maintains that, in employing this force successfully, the regime has turned the protests into an important source of non-material cohesion for its security apparatus and thereby enhanced its ability to defend itself from similar challenges in the future.     

Repression without Exception: A Study of Protest Bans during Turkey’s State of Emergency (2016-2018)

ABSTRACT

Following the coup attempt of 15 July 2016, the Turkish government declared a state of emergency that would last for two years. In this paper, we focus on an understudied aspect of this period, protest repression during the state of emergency, using an original dataset of protest bans issued in 2007–2019. Engaging with the theoretical claims of emergency scholarship, our paper demonstrates that emergency powers were used to target areas, groups, and issues that were not related to the ‘urgency’ underpinning emergency rule. Moreover, such derogations of rights were perpetuated after the termination of the state of emergency within so-called ordinary legality. These practices were nevertheless embedded in the already authoritarian political-institutional context of Turkey and its layered history of emergencies.