Securing the nuclear nation

In 1946, in the Southern Urals, construction of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics first plutonium plant fell to the GULAG-Narodnyi Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del (NKVD). The chief officers in charge of the program – Lavrentii Beria, Sergei Kruglov, and Ivan Tkachenko – had been pivotal figures in the deportation and political and ethnic cleansing of territories retaken from Axis forces during WWII. These men were charged with building a nuclear weapons complex to defend the Soviet Union from the American nuclear monopoly. In part thanks to the criminalization and deportation of ethnic minorities, Gulag territories grew crowded with foreign nationals and ethnic minorities in the postwar years. The NKVD generals were appalled to find that masses of forced laborers employed at the plutonium construction site were members of enemy nations. Beria issued orders to cleanse the ranks of foreign enemies, but construction managers could not spare a single healthy body as they raced to complete their deadlines. To solve this problem, they created two zones: an interior, affluent zone for plutonium workers made up almost exclusively of Russians; and anterior zones of prisoners, soldiers, ex-cons, and local farmers, many of whom were non-Russian. The selective quality of Soviet “nuclearity” meant that many people who were exposed to the plant's secret plutonium disasters were ethnic minorities, people whose exposures went unrecorded or under-recorded because of their invisibility and low social value.     

做一名有政治定力的党外代表人士

政治定力是在思想上、政治上排除各种干扰、解除各种困惑,坚持正确立场、保持正确方向、明辨是非的能力。党外代表人士政治定力的基本要求主要体现在坚定不移坚持中国共产党的领导,对中国特色社会主义有高度自信,以实现中华民族伟大复兴的"中国梦"为统领,弘扬正能量,自觉抵制各种错误思想。实现党外代表人士政治定力的基本途径在不断加强学习中提高综合素养增强政治定力,在履行职能发挥作用中增强政治定力。     

法律下的中国：一个构建法治中国的法理议题

构建法治中国是中国当代社会的基本共识,也是执政党法治观的集中表达。共同建设法治观和一体建设法治观建立在法律的同一性原则上,也承认了国家、执政党和社会的相对独立性。执政党法治观是构建中国国家法治观的前提,其落脚点在于对中国国家共同体的具体阐释。从法律的规范角度理解中国国家共同体,显示出其与历史中国、文化中国和政治中国等视角在方法论、内容上和目标上的差异。法律共同体揭示了公民身份对法治中国的构成性功能。法律下的中国作为一个时代命题需要处理政府集权和行政集权、宪法建制与公民忠诚、全球规则与中国国家行为等关系,破解国家权力高度统一与集体能力低下的历史悖论,创造国家治理能力法治化的总体性方案。     

论中国企业联营的经营者集中控制

企业联营可能带来能够促进效率的经济活动的整合,又可能损害竞争,因此一直是反垄断法适用的一个重要议题。企业联营的反垄断规制主要涉及到经营者集中的反垄断审查和垄断协议的规制,欧盟和美国两大法域各自形成了一套规制模式。在中国,《反垄断法》没有对企业联营的经营者集中控制做出专门的规定,企业联营应当通过何种方式规制仍存在不确定性。实践中应当立足于现行规定的解释,结合成熟法域的反垄断法经验,从适用模式、规制对象和竞争效果评估三个层面缕析,建构企业联营经营者集中法律规制的理性模式。     

The “Somalinisation” of terrorism and counterterrorism in Kenya: the case of refoulement

Kenya’s state discourse on terrorism and counterterrorism securitises Somali refugees and refugee camps. Using the securitisation theory, a perspective of social constructivism as a theoretical framework, the article attempts to establish the relationship between the securitisation of Somali refugees and refugee camps and refoulement as a measure to counter the securitisation. The arguments raised are the speech acts of Kenya’s securitising actors expressed in the terrorism discourse present Somali refugees and refugee camps as existential threats to peace and security in the country. Consequently, their speech acts expressed in the counterterrorism discourse present non-refoulement of the refugees as an existential threat to national security so as to justify, to the targeted audience, the adoption of refoulement, a norm-violating measure, to counter the fear of the threat of terrorism from Somali refugees and refugee camps. Terrorism and counterterrorism in Kenya have, therefore, been “Somalinised”. The conclusion offers ways of preventing the “Somalinisation” of terrorism and counterterrorism in Kenya.     

Global resource grabs,agribusiness concentration and the smallholder: two West African case studies

This paper places land grabbing within the context of developments within agribusiness within the last 30 years, tracing the various trajectories of increasing competition and concentration and pressures on commodity prices that have resulted in increasing dispossession of smallholders and a move in some agri-food chains towards large estate production. The paper explores the ways in which contemporary agricultural policies and neoliberal market reforms reflect these developments and examines recent framing of land policies in Africa in the context of the development of agrarian capital and agribusiness. Competitiveness results in dispossession of less successful smallholders from below by commercial smallholders, and from above by large estates vertically integrated into agribusiness marketing chains. This is illustrated with examples from the cocoa sector in Côte d'Ivoire and pineapples in Ghana.     

Listening and moving in the urban environment

This article discusses The Language of the Listening Body, a collaborative creative project between choreographer Hope Mohr and composer Michelle Nagai exploring an active listening and moving practice in the urban environment of New York City. Mohr discusses listening and moving practices in the studio and in ‘soundwalks’—walking meditations where participants are encouraged to maintain a high level of sonic awareness. The article discusses discoveries and questions that arose during a creative process with a focus on: (1) the relationship between listening-based movement research and public soundwalks, and (2) the unique issues involved in environmentally based creative process and performance.     

不同保存条件对血中CN-浓度的影响

目的研究在各种温度贮存条件下血液中CN-浓度与保存时间的关系。方法用氯胺T衍生GC/ECD分析。结果在室温下存放的阳性血,在30天～50天中,CN-浓度有所增加,以后浓度下降很快,80天后则检不出。在4℃及-20℃下贮存的血液CN-浓度,在一定的时间段中,有所增加,以后则逐渐下降,至8个月仍可检出CN-。结论不同条件下存放的血液CN-其浓度的变化是不同的。     

血和肝脏检材保存条件对氰化物浓度的影响

研究了大白鼠血液和肝脏检材保存时间及保存温度对氰化物浓度的影响。研究表明，保存168h，保存温度4℃，血液和肝脏检材中的氰化物含量变化很小；保存温度25℃，血液和肝脏险材中的氰化物浓度随时间延长而上升，肝脏检材中氰化物浓度在168h为4h的1．17倍。4h染毒组大白鼠氰化物浓度血中比肝脏中高2．3倍，证实了氰化物在体内分布的差异性。     

小城镇污染集中治理市场化中法律制度的调整

为了解决小城镇严重的环境污染问题,应当加快小城镇环境污染集中治理步伐,并实现污染集中治理市场化目标。在市场化过程中,原来的政府和排污企业单一的双方法律关系转变为政府、污染集中治理设施与排污企业三方的多重法律关系,面对法律关系主体和法律关系内容发生转变,现行的与环境污染防治相关的法律制度应当做出适当的调整。本文针对小城镇的环境污染问题,对现行的排污收费制度、许可证制度、三同时制度、限期治理制度存在的问题和调整内容进行了探讨。