电子商务交易前消费者权益的法律保护

电子商务是一种非面对面交易，法律应建立一个畅通的渠道，保证消费者在交易前充分了解商品和服务的真实情况、了解经营者的身份信息及商业信誉等，据此，电子商务交易前消费者权益的法律保护措施应包括这样几个方面：转变消费者的信息获取方式、确立经营者的在线信息披露义务、明确C2C交易中自然人的经营者身份、建立电子商务经营者的信誉评价机制。     

完善消费者权益纠纷解决机制的思考

由于个人利益未得到尊重,社会自治能力过度柔弱,消费者纠纷解决机制缺乏可及性,无法承担促进企业履行社会责任的使命。应建立消费者协会调解与仲裁相结合的制度,发挥行政机关解决消费者权益纠纷的作用,完善诉讼机制。     

金融消费者知情权保护的法经济分析

知情权是消费者权利体系的前提与基础,而金融消费的专业性及复杂性,使得金融消费者的信息弱势状态强于普通消费者.在我国,权利初始配置不合理、运行保障缺位等制度缺陷,导致金融机构侵权损害成本社会化.后金融危机时代,一个理想的出路应是倚重金融法治与金融监管,构筑有效的法律激励机制,以降低侵权损害成本.     

Corporate power in Australian policy making: The case of unfair contract laws

There is increasing concern about the impact of corporate power on Australian policy making. This article examines the dynamics of corporate influence by examining the battle between big business and small business over “unfair contract” laws. It explores whether big business exerted disproportionate power, and if it did whether it was structural, ideational, or instrumental power. It finds that while recent scholarship has been focused on structural and ideational sources of power, there is strong evidence of a narrowly conceived instrumental power exerting considerable influence within both of the major parties. Further, it concludes this form of instrumental power presents the most serious threat to democratic policy making.     

International advocacy for contract-based public private partnerships through case studies: a re-interpretation of Southern Cross Station,Melbourne

In response to urban infrastructure deficits, international organisations, such as the United Nations, encourage governments to harness private finance. Contract-based Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) represent one policy option enabling infrastructure to be privately financed and constructed, and for service provision to occur. With PPPs also a contested policy option, private sector policy intermediaries advocate for their adoption, including through the selective promotion of case studies. In recognition that favourable case study narratives may leach out local context, a multi-dimensional analytical framework is introduced distinguishing between de-institutionalised, aspatial, non-historical, uncritical and non-futuristic perspectives. Recently the private sector-led World Economic Forum published ‘Harnessing Public-Private Cooperation to Deliver the New Urban Agenda’, which reported upon the PPP-led development of Spencer Street (or Southern Cross) Station in Melbourne, Australia. In deploying the framework, this paper concludes that case study narratives can be reductionist and locally detached in various ways. The role of policy intermediaries in the transfer of policy information therefore requires carefully interpretation, not least because of the malleable use of case studies to reveal desired conclusions.     

马克思商品拜物教理论批判内涵与当代启示

生活在物质丰裕的消费社会中的人们感到深层的压抑和无力的反抗。对此,学者们从不同角度展开了理论批判与理论反思。本文从马克思主义哲学的视野出发,通过马克思商品拜物教理论批判内涵来解读当代中国社会日益突出的消费景观现象背后的深刻原因。本文认为,马克思通过商品拜物教的理论批判,揭示了劳动的商品化过程与劳动产品的货币化的过程也就是人的奴役过程和人的物化过程。理解马克思哲学中的商品拜物教理论批判内涵对克服中国当代社会存在的各种危机具有深刻的理论警醒意义和实践启示意义。     

我国电视购物的相关法律问题探析

电视购物以其直观、便利、快捷等优势吸引了众多消费者,优厚的利润空间使一些急功近利的商家任意夸大产品功效、恶意欺骗消费者,致使电视购物行业遭遇寒冬,行业信誉降低。文章在界定了电视购物区别于一般商业广告的基础上,分析我国目前电视购物存在的现状及法律问题,并提出以保护消费者权益为核心完善相应的法律法规,以促进我国电视购物市场健康发展。     

衡量消费需求合理化的指标体系研究

消费需求是否合理是研究消费问题的基础。要从消费率、消费增长率、平均消费倾向和边际消费倾向以及货币的实际购买力等方面,综合衡量一个国家或地区消费需求是否合理,而不能用某一个孤立的指标来衡量。判断消费率是否合适,一是与世界其他国家比较,二是与经典模型进行比较,三是要与本国的经验数据进行比较。合理的消费增长率,一要高于经济增长率,二要高于投资和出口增长率,三要考虑上一个时期消费基数或人均消费基数。消费倾向或边际消费倾向既不是越高越好,也不是越低越好。美国存在的边际消费倾向递减规律失灵现象,我国城乡居民中存在的储蓄偏好和惜消费现象,都要视具体情况作具体分析。     

‘That wicked rule,that evil doctrine … ’: Reforming the Law on Disclosure in Insurance Contracts

The Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012, which abolishes the consumer assured's duty to volunteer information, heralds the first successful outcome of the English and Scottish Law Commissions current insurance contract law reform project. This paper outlines the defects of the common law duty of disclosure which the Law Commissions sought to address. It goes on to consider why previous legislative attempts failed, the self‐regulatory measures introduced by the insurance industry as a means of resisting earlier pressure for statutory intervention, and how that resistance broke down. Finally, it examines the scope of the 2012 reforms and the current consultation being undertaken in respect of the duty of disclosure in relation to business insurance. It concludes by assessing the significance of the statute in providing a necessary impetus for future insurance law reforms.     

消费者反垄断诉讼的本源与我国应然之探

对于私人反垄断执行,美国《反托拉斯法》所规定的三倍赔偿制度功不可没,为此,许多学者都认为,在确定消费者反垄断诉讼的制度中,也应确定这种民事惩罚性的机制,才能使消费者反垄断诉讼得到很好的运行。但在私人反垄断践行最好的美国,消费者个人是被排除在私人执行之外的,按照美国《反托拉斯法》的规定,消费者个人并不能获得三倍赔偿的诉讼激励。美国《反托拉斯法》所规定的三倍赔偿机制系基于其责任体系仅有民事责任和刑事责任,没有处于刑事和民事责任之间的行政处罚责任,民事责任的三倍赔偿机制实际起到了落实"应刑罚性"和刑罚"最后手段性"的威慑与嚇阻重任。而在反垄断法责任中存在刑事责任、民事责任和行政责任的国家,行政责任中的行政处罚责任完全担当了刑事威慑和遏制的补充责任,为避免过度制裁和重复制裁而普遍都没有设置三倍的民事赔偿责任。消费者反垄断诉讼必须以维持市场秩序为本,对消费者反垄断诉讼的高热情和高厚望必须回归到理性和现实,在具体制度的设置时也应有所体现。