中国行政诉讼调解制度的现状与课题

对制度的设计者来说 ,建立完备的行政纠纷解决方式的体系 ,是保障行政相对人的合法权益 ,促进行政机关依法行政的必然要求。为制度的使用者考量 ,也应建立多种纠纷解决方式 ,从而落实当事人的程序选择权。面对行政诉讼调解制度出现的困境 ,中国行政诉讼制度的重构需要解决一些重要的课题 ,如在调解中怎样实现自愿与平等协商 ,如何实现调解与审判的协调 ,如何保障当事人的反悔权利以及和解契约的拘束力问题等等     

论信用证诈骗案件侦查

信用证诈骗案件是近年来多发的一类经济犯罪案件,其常见犯罪手法有使用伪造、变造的信用证或付随单据、文件,使用作废的信用证,骗取信用证,利用信用证"软条款"进行诈骗等。对于该类案件的侦查,应当有针对性地采取侦查措施,主要有分析信用证运作流程,寻找侦查突破口;收集查证相关单据凭证,为认定犯罪提供关键证据;采取有效措施,防止犯罪嫌疑人外逃;树立深挖犯罪思想,努力追缴赃款赃物;加强合作,建立查办信用证犯罪的协作机制等。     

Mexicans react to electoral fraud and political corruption: an assessment of public opinion and voting behavior

Despite various electoral reforms enacted in Mexico between 1988 and 1994, large numbers of Mexicans doubted the honesty of elections and the general integrity of their country's policy making process. Such doubts did not automatically lead, however, to support for opposition parties that called for greater democratization. Rather, voter preferences were largely dependent on judgments about the opposition's viability and competence. Widespread suspicions about fraud and corruption in Mexico did affect electoral outcomes by making it less likely that potential opposition supporters turned out to vote. Data are drawn from seven national public opinion surveys conducted in Mexico in 1986, 1988, 1991, 1994 (3 polls), and 1995.     

论效力待定合同

实践中,在理解合同的效力含义时往往存在歧义。 国内许多学者将其等同于合同生效的概念。事实上,合同 效力与合同生效的内涵并不相同,合同生效只是合同效力 的一种表现形式。     

预约法律问题探析

预约在我国合同实务中大量存在,但我国民法通则与合同法对于预约均未加以规定,理论上也缺乏深入地研究,以至于实践中极易产生纠纷。本文试图就预约的含义、成立要件、法律效力以及违反预约的法律责任进行一简要分析,以期明晰预约,从而使预约在当事人之间的适用达到公平的法律效果,最大限度地实现当事人的意思自治。     

婚约“彩礼”返还之法理分析

彩礼作为婚约的伴生物已存在了几千年,我国婚姻法对婚约效力的忽略导致了彩礼法律属性的混乱.为解决实践中的问题,最高人民法院司法解释规定了彩礼返还的3种情况,在一定程度上解决了司法实践中的不一致现象,具有一定的实际意义.因此,有必要对彩礼的法律属性做进一步分析,确定其赠予合同的性质.婚姻法应明确婚约无效的规定,为彩礼的有条件返还确立法律上的依据.     

Consent,Fraud and Family Law

In two recent cases the Supreme Court unanimously clarified that one party's fraudulent non-disclosure of material facts 'unravels' any agreement made in their absence. Because the parties' agreement is a sine qua non of a consent order, the order may be set aside, despite the desirability in family law of clean break and certainty. Victims of fraud in matrimonial proceedings should not be left in a worse position than victims in other civil proceedings. However, while consistency across different areas of civil law was important here, are there any circumstances in which inconsistency may be justified?     

保险人明确说明义务批判

保险合同法可以体系化地解读为意思自治、给付均衡与合理期待三个核心原则的组合。立法者希望籍说明义务来消减信息不对称,贯彻意思自治。但在建构制度规范时,并未考虑信息传送方的履行成本,对信息接收方的识别成本与关注焦点也存在认识误区。这种过度理想化的设计已被实践证明是失败的。立法应废止实质性的明确说明义务,代之以形式化的信息提供义务。对于意思自治的不足,可以通过提升给付均衡度和更有效保障被保险人对获取保险产品的合理期待加以填补。     

Elite and Everyday Social Contracts in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Pathways to Forging a National Social Contract?

ABSTRACT

The Dayton Peace Agreement ended the violence in Bosnia–Herzegovina, however, it also solidified antagonistic political identities leading to the creation of two social contracts: an ‘elite social contract’ involving primarily political elites of the main ethnic groups and an ‘everyday social contract’ involving ordinary citizens trying to manage a complex social and economic environment. The first social contract is hegemonic, however, alternative, non-nationalist views are slowly emerging. Grassroots groups, the surviving remnants of inter-ethnic coexistence, the integrating pull of market forces and the presence of a large diaspora all constitute resources for the creation of a resilient national social contract.     

集体合同形式主义的原因及对策分析——基于职工主体缺位的视角

集体合同制度施行以来,虽在全国范围内得到广泛的发展并日趋完善,但同时也存在一些问题,其中最突出的是形式主义、走过场的现象,个中原因是多方面的,但主要原因在于集体协商一方主体-----职工主体缺位。