对农业合作化运动后期偏差成因的再认识

从政治体制和政治文化看,党的一元化领导体制造成的个人集权、一刀切、强迫命令、“群众运动”的价值心理、恐右等是农业集体化后期出现偏差的重要原因。     

Negotiating Russian Federalism: A Simulation for Comparative Politics

While the use of simulations in the international relations classroom has proliferated over the past decade, this pedagogical tool has been largely neglected in the comparative politics classroom. Simulations in comparative politics can be a useful component in teaching students about the diversity within foreign countries and the dynamic of domestic policymaking. We describe here an informative and easy-to-run simulation on Russian federalism which can be integrated into courses on Russian politics or easily adapted for use in other courses, especially those focusing on countries in which center-regional relations are an important dimension. The simulation is based on the Russian Federation Council, the upper house of the Russian Federal Assembly, and is a great way to illustrate through experiential learning the quid pro quo of Russian federalism. We provide detailed information on English-language sources that both instructors and students can use during the simulation, along with an Appendix and a Website that provides everything instructors need to run the simulation in their own classes.     

Tensions between congress and the executive in nineteenth-century Argentina: federal intervention and separation of powers

SUMMARY

This article analyses the debates that took place in the Congress of Argentina between the enactment of the constitution in 1853 and the end of the century, regarding the powers of the executive and legislative branches for intervening in the provinces in case of internal conflict or external attack. It focuses on the controversies arising from different bills submitted to congress in order to enact a general intervention act to resolve, once and for all, the powers of each branch in that matter. Although those bills did not pass, a study of them shows the existing disagreements about the operation of the federal system and the separation of powers. Some of the differences were linked to the discussion of American constitutional doctrine in which Argentina had been engaged since the mid nineteenth century in order to solve the dilemmas of organizing its political institutions. This article claims that this analysis contributes to ongoing debates on the roots of political conflict in Argentina by showing the importance of institutional controversies, and argues that it is necessary to address the role of congress and of doctrinal dissent in order to revise the role that historiography has given to the disputes over power as an overall explanation for political confrontations.     

区域治理视角下城市群内政府间合作困境

要有效治理城市群内政府间合作难题,不仅要从理论上阐释区域治理的必要性,更需要全面分析当前城市群内政府间横向合作面临的现实困境,提出有针对性的解决路径,提升城市群内政府间合作的成效。     

试论十月革命前西伯利亚信用合作化运动

1861年农奴制改革后在西伯利亚地区出现了信用合作社，在十月革命前大约半个世纪时间里西伯利亚信用合作社得到很大的发展，出现了大量信用合作社联盟。西伯利亚合作社及其联盟为西伯利亚地区经济发展做出了一定贡献：为这里的居民提供了低利息贷款，为西伯利亚的农民提供农具等生产资料和日常生活用品，帮助居民销售商品。     

论政府从官僚制向合作制的转变

20世纪后期以来,对官僚制的批评此起彼伏,然而,用什么来替代官僚制?一直没有作出成功的探索。其实,官僚制是适应工业社会生产和社会治理要求而产生的一种组织形式,在工业社会的历史时期中,造就了辉煌的历史性成就。但当人类进入了全球化、后工业化时代以后,由于社会的复杂性和不确定性迅速增长,官僚制组织不再适应这样一个个性化时代的要求,致使对它的批判之声不绝于耳。在高度复杂性和高度不确定性的历史背景下,人类需要通过合作的方式去处理各种各样的问题,与之相适应的组织形式也应当是合作制组织。从官僚制组织向合作制组织的转变是历史的必然,现实中各种各样的迹象都表现出了对合作制组织的渴求。     

工业反哺农业与农民合作社立法

社会的整体和谐发展要求工业反哺农业,加快农业现代化进程。加强有关农业主体地位的立法是关键,农民合作社是工业反哺农业的组织依托。工业要反哺农业,应从完善立法要件、资金注入的确定性、政府扶持制度、社员权的救济制度、审计监督制度等方面着手;尤其要不断完善我国农民合作社的立法,从而提高我国工业反哺农业的效益。     

尼日利亚宪法述评

尼日利亚宪法和非洲大多数国家一样,发端于殖民地时期,受到原宗主国宪法模式和宪法原则的深刻影响.自1960年独立以来,尼日利亚宪法走上了一条曲折的探索道路,经历了由民选政府治理到军政府统治再到民选政府统治的转变.随着民主化浪潮在非洲各国的扩展,尼日利亚于1999年举行多党大选,并颁布了新宪法.然而,新宪法颁布后受到了国内外学术界的批评,在实施过程中也面临一定的问题.了解尼日利亚宪法曲折的发展道路及其完善的宪法制度,并深入探讨其面临的困境与发展出路,将有助于更好地认识非洲国家宪法发展的现状与发展趋势,对于我们国家的宪政建设也不无裨益.     

专利权出资及其在国有单位适用的特殊性研究

专利权出资是专利权转化的重要方式。在专利权出资中,其会面临可评估性、可转让性以及转让过程中的缴付等问题,现行法律规则的状况是要么规定模糊要么规定缺失,应修正相关法律为其提供相应的解决方案。在国有单位专利权出资中,除存在上述一般性问题外,还因其存在的国有资产属性而应构建相应的特殊规则,以更好地平衡国有单位专利权转化与国有资产保值增值的关系。     

合作型社会管理模式下农民工子女的社会资本建构

合作型社会管理模式强调国家和社会、政府和公民在社会管理中责任共担、资源共享,协同推进社会的良性运行。文章基于这一模式,分析了农民工子女的社会资本现状——乡村社会资本断裂、家庭社会资本匮乏、组织资本及体制化资本缺位,并从家庭、社区、社会及国家四个层面提出了帮助农民工子女建构能够满足其健康成长和良好发展的社会资本的建议。